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Re: Mugabe's Land reform driving economic growth i
As I am in a rush I will not post in my usually fashion, as it seems to me you have stoop to a new low.
You are not just in denial but intellectual dishonest !
<span style="font-weight: bold">Globalization, race, and African economic development intersect in deep, intricate, complicated ways that <span style="color: #FF0000">can only be understood if a long view is taken </span>on the nature of globalization. Further, the connections are best contextualized as an inquiry into Africa’s place in the world system. <span style="text-decoration: underline">As Filomina Steady points out, many factors are involved, including the institutionalization of “economic domination through corporate globalization,” </span><span style="color: #FF0000">which has generated a reproduction of colonization and, consequently, impoverishment. Other factors include “protracted recession, the debt burden, Structural Adjustment Programmes, externally controlled privatization, … an emphasis on exports, … a cultural crisis of major proportions, … the destruction of many African economies, social dislocations and civil strife,” </span>all “compounded by the erosion of the life-supporting capacities of many African ecosystems. Authoritarian regimes and gender-based discrimination complete the picture” (Steady 2002).</span>
That was written in 2002 about the the present state of affairs, Corporate globalization is a recent and current phenomena.
When during the colonial period did you have “structural adjustment programmes, debt burdens privatizations etc.. in Africa
<span style="font-weight: bold"> European imperialism created a paradoxical relationship between Africa and Europe that included both a centralized and marginalized position for Africa in global political and economic systems. Africa was central to the extent that it was plundered, raped, and exploited for its human and material resources. It was marginal because it did not have any power in the emerging global system, where Western dominance was built upon Africa’s plundered resources. <span style="color: #FF0000">It was also marginal because the West’s dominance was predicated upon Africans’ presumed racial, cultural, and physiological inferiority to Europeans, a belief that was proclaimed by many of the most distinguished Western intellectuals.</span>From the fifteenth century to the 1930s, samples of “exotic” peoples, including Africans, were acquired and displayed—for “education” and entertainment—in the homes of the wealthiest Europeans and in public exhibits at zoos and regional and world fairs. <span style="color: #FF0000">Upon this foundation was built racist and essentialist consensus of the <span style="text-decoration: underline">early <span style="font-size: 14pt">twenty-first century</span></span>: that Africa is a basket case of impoverished, diseased, and crisis-ridden countries led by inept and kleptocratic leaders, and that its marginality to global political, social, and economic affairs is therefore well earned.</span></span>
The author is taking the long view as mention in the begining up to the 21st century- thats today
Finally in order to me himself clear the author drew parrells between the treatment of blacks in America today and the the treatments of Africans today....What are blacks experiencing in America - RACISM
<span style="font-weight: bold">A better way to understand Africa’s predicament is to focus on how the conjunctures between structural inequities and failing markets generate underdevelopment. The consequences of these conjunctures in the black community in the United States include being underserved in education, health care, and housing security, while also being overcharged and offered less credit than others. White monopolies are also entrenched in the job market and many career ladders. Blacks bear the spillover costs when whites flee to the suburbs, which leads to smaller tax rolls to maintain public services and provide requisite infrastructure in cities. The cycle continues when black neighborhoods are replaced and appropriated through gentrification and white return to urban centers.
<span style="font-size: 11pt">This is similar to conditions in Africa</span>, whose people and land were enslaved, underdeveloped, and overexploited to guarantee capitalist development in Europe. As Walter Rodney observes, “Racism, violence and brutality were the concomitants of the capitalist system when it extended itself abroad in the early centuries of international trade” (Rodney 1973). </span>
Finally in closing the author states the timelessness of this situation meaning it is ongoing to the extent that it is all so being internalize by Africans.
<span style="font-weight: bold">Historically, the idea that Africans belong to an inferior race has been pervasive in European and American thought. The concept of “race”—the socially constructed categorization of humans based on external appearance, stereotypes, and myths about physical, mental and psychological capacity; cultural difference; and the capacity to be civilized or uncivilized—<span style="color: #FF0000">has been deployed to support a hierarchy in which Europeans are categorized as superior and Africans the most debased. From the earliest Christian exegesis to Shakespeare and his heirs in Western literature and on to theories of scientific racism, black has been predominantly characterized as evil, while white has been seen as good and pure. </span>Consequently, social discrimination, economic exclusion, and racial segregation have marginalized peoples of African descent from global political, social, and economic systems. Moving from the margins to the center in these systems has proved to be challenging and, in some cases, elusive. A historical scholarly analysis, meanwhile, takes African marginalization as a timeless reality generated by characteristics that are argued to be essential to Africans.The presumption of an intrinsic and immutable African racial inferiority has generated a self-fulfilling prophecy in Africa’s marginality. This has led to a conflation of presumed racial inferiority, economic impoverishment, and lack of political power. This “reality” is so disheartening, and African educational systems are so mired in the reproduction of colonial ideological “Otherizing” of Africans, that many Africans embrace a marginalized social, political, and economic characterization as emerging out of something deep in their nature.</span>
The "Bell curve" is a recent example of scientific racism., the whole idea is that racism and ideas about race and Africans being inferior are still popular in America and Europe. This is not a historical document, what the author is doing is giving you the long view.
As I am in a rush I will not post in my usually fashion, as it seems to me you have stoop to a new low.
You are not just in denial but intellectual dishonest !
<span style="font-weight: bold">Globalization, race, and African economic development intersect in deep, intricate, complicated ways that <span style="color: #FF0000">can only be understood if a long view is taken </span>on the nature of globalization. Further, the connections are best contextualized as an inquiry into Africa’s place in the world system. <span style="text-decoration: underline">As Filomina Steady points out, many factors are involved, including the institutionalization of “economic domination through corporate globalization,” </span><span style="color: #FF0000">which has generated a reproduction of colonization and, consequently, impoverishment. Other factors include “protracted recession, the debt burden, Structural Adjustment Programmes, externally controlled privatization, … an emphasis on exports, … a cultural crisis of major proportions, … the destruction of many African economies, social dislocations and civil strife,” </span>all “compounded by the erosion of the life-supporting capacities of many African ecosystems. Authoritarian regimes and gender-based discrimination complete the picture” (Steady 2002).</span>
That was written in 2002 about the the present state of affairs, Corporate globalization is a recent and current phenomena.
When during the colonial period did you have “structural adjustment programmes, debt burdens privatizations etc.. in Africa
<span style="font-weight: bold"> European imperialism created a paradoxical relationship between Africa and Europe that included both a centralized and marginalized position for Africa in global political and economic systems. Africa was central to the extent that it was plundered, raped, and exploited for its human and material resources. It was marginal because it did not have any power in the emerging global system, where Western dominance was built upon Africa’s plundered resources. <span style="color: #FF0000">It was also marginal because the West’s dominance was predicated upon Africans’ presumed racial, cultural, and physiological inferiority to Europeans, a belief that was proclaimed by many of the most distinguished Western intellectuals.</span>From the fifteenth century to the 1930s, samples of “exotic” peoples, including Africans, were acquired and displayed—for “education” and entertainment—in the homes of the wealthiest Europeans and in public exhibits at zoos and regional and world fairs. <span style="color: #FF0000">Upon this foundation was built racist and essentialist consensus of the <span style="text-decoration: underline">early <span style="font-size: 14pt">twenty-first century</span></span>: that Africa is a basket case of impoverished, diseased, and crisis-ridden countries led by inept and kleptocratic leaders, and that its marginality to global political, social, and economic affairs is therefore well earned.</span></span>
The author is taking the long view as mention in the begining up to the 21st century- thats today
Finally in order to me himself clear the author drew parrells between the treatment of blacks in America today and the the treatments of Africans today....What are blacks experiencing in America - RACISM
<span style="font-weight: bold">A better way to understand Africa’s predicament is to focus on how the conjunctures between structural inequities and failing markets generate underdevelopment. The consequences of these conjunctures in the black community in the United States include being underserved in education, health care, and housing security, while also being overcharged and offered less credit than others. White monopolies are also entrenched in the job market and many career ladders. Blacks bear the spillover costs when whites flee to the suburbs, which leads to smaller tax rolls to maintain public services and provide requisite infrastructure in cities. The cycle continues when black neighborhoods are replaced and appropriated through gentrification and white return to urban centers.
<span style="font-size: 11pt">This is similar to conditions in Africa</span>, whose people and land were enslaved, underdeveloped, and overexploited to guarantee capitalist development in Europe. As Walter Rodney observes, “Racism, violence and brutality were the concomitants of the capitalist system when it extended itself abroad in the early centuries of international trade” (Rodney 1973). </span>
Finally in closing the author states the timelessness of this situation meaning it is ongoing to the extent that it is all so being internalize by Africans.
<span style="font-weight: bold">Historically, the idea that Africans belong to an inferior race has been pervasive in European and American thought. The concept of “race”—the socially constructed categorization of humans based on external appearance, stereotypes, and myths about physical, mental and psychological capacity; cultural difference; and the capacity to be civilized or uncivilized—<span style="color: #FF0000">has been deployed to support a hierarchy in which Europeans are categorized as superior and Africans the most debased. From the earliest Christian exegesis to Shakespeare and his heirs in Western literature and on to theories of scientific racism, black has been predominantly characterized as evil, while white has been seen as good and pure. </span>Consequently, social discrimination, economic exclusion, and racial segregation have marginalized peoples of African descent from global political, social, and economic systems. Moving from the margins to the center in these systems has proved to be challenging and, in some cases, elusive. A historical scholarly analysis, meanwhile, takes African marginalization as a timeless reality generated by characteristics that are argued to be essential to Africans.The presumption of an intrinsic and immutable African racial inferiority has generated a self-fulfilling prophecy in Africa’s marginality. This has led to a conflation of presumed racial inferiority, economic impoverishment, and lack of political power. This “reality” is so disheartening, and African educational systems are so mired in the reproduction of colonial ideological “Otherizing” of Africans, that many Africans embrace a marginalized social, political, and economic characterization as emerging out of something deep in their nature.</span>
The "Bell curve" is a recent example of scientific racism., the whole idea is that racism and ideas about race and Africans being inferior are still popular in America and Europe. This is not a historical document, what the author is doing is giving you the long view.
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