The Black Market

[Kurlie]

<span style="font-weight: bold"><span style="text-decoration: underline">Escapes From Enslavement</span></span>

Why would enslaved Africans attempt to escape?

Drapetomania - The disease that caused Negroes to run away (according to Samuel Cartwright of the University of Louisiana, &quot;They must be sick.&quot
&quot;1001 Things Everyone Should Know About African American History&quot;, by Jeffrey C. Stewart, p. 36.
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Ellen and William Craft - in 1847 these slaves, who had a talent for cross-dressing, escaped enslavement in Georgia by disguising themselves. Ellen, who was very light-skinned, posed as an elderly White gentleman and the owner of a slave traveling with him (William). The cover story was that the slave owner was traveling to Philadelphia for emergency medical treatment. The Crafts made it safely to Boston where they told their story. Word of their method of escape eventually reached their owners and, using the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850, they sent slave catchers to Boston to retrieve them. The Crafts again fled, this time to London. After the Civil War they returned to America and bought a plantation near their old home in Savannah, Georgia.


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Henry &quot;Box&quot; Brown - In 1856 Henry Brown, a slave in Richmond, Va., ordered a 3x2x8 box and put in a jug of water, a few biscuits and a bar to open if from the inside. A friend addressed the box to the home of an abolitionist in Philadelphia, and marked the box &quot;Handle with Care&quot; and &quot;This Side Up&quot;. After 26 hours the box was opened in the Philadelphia office of the Anti-Slavery Society and Henry Brown was free.


The blackMarket.com

[Kurlie]

Re: The Black Market

<span style="text-decoration: underline"><span style="font-weight: bold">The Origins and Motives of The Enslavement</span></span>
Slavery slowly disappeared in the North after the American Revolution. Agriculture was always the main use for slavery, but the states north of Maryland eventually moved to manufacturing and trade.
&quot;Captive Bodies, Free Spirits: The Story of Southern Slavery&quot;.
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When the English first settled what became the United States, there was no such thing as slavery in English law or tradition.


The first reason for slavery is economic. Slavery is also easier for the masters if they think the slaves are inferior people, not as good as the masters are. After all, the reasoning goes, if a group of people are ignorant, or backward, or &quot;savages&quot;, or not able to make anything of themselves, isn't it better to put them to work to help people who are superior? That way, the &quot;better&quot; people can take care of the &quot;inferior&quot; people and make something good of them.
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The second reason for slavery, then was prejudice - the belief that certain people are not as good as you are.
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When the English landed in Virginia, they found lots of land and Jamestown turned into a farming community. The smoking craze was sweeping Europe, and tobacco was precious because it was scarce. A problem developed because there was too much land and not enough workers, and all the Englishmen coming over wanted to be landowners. After the first Blacks came over as servants, later to be freed, the landowners began to see the benefit of slaves who could not leave.
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When White people taught religion to slaves, the parts of the Bible they used most were the ones that told people to be patient and wait for Heaven, and to obey their masters while on earth.

The BlackMarket

[Kurlie]

Re: The Black Market

<span style="text-decoration: underline"><span style="font-weight: bold">The Mighty Nation of the Niger</span></span>
Before the horrors of the Atlantic slave trade, a great civilization arose along the Niger River where it brushes up against the southwestern Sahara. Established by the Songhai, a nation of black-skinned scholars, warriors, merchants, farmers, and artisans, the empire that bore their name became well known throughout North Africa, Southwest Asia, and Europe for its power and wealth. The Songhai was the third and greatest of three black kingdoms that waxed and waned in this region between the 8th and 16th centuries. its predecessors left their names, and reflected gory, to the modern African nations of Ghana and Mali. Sometime around AD 801, caravans of traders from the lands north of the desert brought south a new religion, Islam, which played a role in shaping the states of this region.

The empire's founding ruler was Sunni Ali Ber - Ali the Great, of the Sunni dynasty. Sunni Ali began his campaign of conquest in 1468 by taking Timbuktu, which was then ruled by the Tuarges a nomadic Berber people. Sunni Ali's next target, the city of Djenne, did not surrender until 1473, after a siege that lasted, according to histories, for seven years, seven months, and seven days. Admiring the courageous stand of the city's defenders Sunni Ali annexed Djenne but left its king on his throne and its population unharmed.

As Sunni Ali consolidated his new realm, he strove to reconcile the beliefs of the rural folk who believe in their traditional deities, with those of the Muslim city dwellers. He successfully maintained a balance between the two factions for the duration of his 27-year reign.

Sunni Ali's son and successor, Sunni Baru, however, paid little obedience to the prevailing Islam of the cities. His actions fractured the fragile unity that his father had worked so long to preserve, and, acting in the defense of their faith, Muslim insurgents deposed him in 1493, just 6 months after he inherited the throne. The leader of the rebels, Muhammad ibn Abubakr Toure, became the new emperor and ruled the Songhai Empire, expanding its domains for 35 prosperous years.

Upon gaining and understanding of Islamic government Toure decided to construct his administration according to its principles, although the Songhai monarchy itself rested on a traditional African concept of divine kingship. To ensure the defense of his realm, Askia Muhammad first established a fill-time professionals army. But the empire's true strength lay in a social structure that spelled out everyone's duties. And with a standing army guarding its borders, the empires farmers, merchants, fishermen, livestock breeders, and artisans could concentrate on being productive in their vocations. Even the griots- members of a hereditary caste of storytellers who preserved the people's history by passing orally from generation to generation- had a responsibility in imperial society beyond their traditional role. The griots were expected to weave glorious tales about the empire's past military exploits to boost the morale of the Songhai soldiers before battle and in the heat of combat. Slaves occupied the lowest rung of society, but their servitude took an African form in which race we irrelevant and bondsmen were no less human than other workers, Slaves were not simply units of property but could rise on the basis of their service and had the security of knowing that their children could not be sold away from them.

His death triggered cycles of dynastic infighting. Weakened by internal dissension, the empire proved easy pickings for a small Moroccan army that ventured across the Sahara in 1591.

The BlackMarket

[Dr.Dudd]

Re: The Black Market

<div class="ubbcode-block"><div class="ubbcode-header">Originally Posted By: MrsKurlie</div><div class="ubbcode-body"><span style="text-decoration: underline"><span style="font-weight: bold">The Mighty Nation of the Niger</span></span>
Before the horrors of the Atlantic slave trade, a great civilization arose along the Niger River where it brushes up against the southwestern Sahara. Established by the Songhai, a nation of black-skinned scholars, warriors, merchants, farmers, and artisans, the empire that bore their name became well known throughout North Africa, Southwest Asia, and Europe for its power and wealth. The Songhai was the third and greatest of three black kingdoms that waxed and waned in this region between the 8th and 16th centuries. its predecessors left their names, and reflected gory, to the modern African nations of Ghana and Mali. Sometime around AD 801, caravans of traders from the lands north of the desert brought south a new religion, Islam, which played a role in shaping the states of this region.

The empire's founding ruler was Sunni Ali Ber - Ali the Great, of the Sunni dynasty. Sunni Ali began his campaign of conquest in 1468 by taking Timbuktu, which was then ruled by the Tuarges a nomadic Berber people. Sunni Ali's next target, the city of Djenne, did not surrender until 1473, after a siege that lasted, according to histories, for seven years, seven months, and seven days. Admiring the courageous stand of the city's defenders Sunni Ali annexed Djenne but left its king on his throne and its population unharmed.

As Sunni Ali consolidated his new realm, he strove to reconcile the beliefs of the rural folk who believe in their traditional deities, with those of the Muslim city dwellers. He successfully maintained a balance between the two factions for the duration of his 27-year reign.

Sunni Ali's son and successor, Sunni Baru, however, paid little obedience to the prevailing Islam of the cities. His actions fractured the fragile unity that his father had worked so long to preserve, and, acting in the defense of their faith, Muslim insurgents deposed him in 1493, just 6 months after he inherited the throne. The leader of the rebels, Muhammad ibn Abubakr Toure, became the new emperor and ruled the Songhai Empire, expanding its domains for 35 prosperous years.

Upon gaining and understanding of Islamic government Toure decided to construct his administration according to its principles, although the Songhai monarchy itself rested on a traditional African concept of divine kingship. To ensure the defense of his realm, Askia Muhammad first established a fill-time professionals army. But the empire's true strength lay in a social structure that spelled out everyone's duties. And with a standing army guarding its borders, the empires farmers, merchants, fishermen, livestock breeders, and artisans could concentrate on being productive in their vocations. Even the griots- members of a hereditary caste of storytellers who preserved the people's history by passing orally from generation to generation- had a responsibility in imperial society beyond their traditional role. The griots were expected to weave glorious tales about the empire's past military exploits to boost the morale of the Songhai soldiers before battle and in the heat of combat. Slaves occupied the lowest rung of society, but their servitude took an African form in which race we irrelevant and bondsmen were no less human than other workers, Slaves were not simply units of property but could rise on the basis of their service and had the security of knowing that their children could not be sold away from them.

His death triggered cycles of dynastic infighting. Weakened by internal dissension, the empire proved easy pickings for a small Moroccan army that ventured across the Sahara in 1591.

The BlackMarket </div></div> Be careful, you may be blamed for causing trouble.
with you posting these lies and such.

[Kurlie]

Re: The Black Market

mi didn't write it...mi just post it

[Dr.Dudd]

Re: The Black Market

<div class="ubbcode-block"><div class="ubbcode-header">Originally Posted By: MrsKurlie</div><div class="ubbcode-body">mi didn't write it...mi just post it </div></div> I really don't matter,they do whatever it takes to suppress certain parts of history.
So shooting the messenger is not above their acts.

[Kurlie]

Re: The Black Market

<div class="ubbcode-block"><div class="ubbcode-header">Originally Posted By: Dr.Dudd</div><div class="ubbcode-body"><div class="ubbcode-block"><div class="ubbcode-header">Originally Posted By: MrsKurlie</div><div class="ubbcode-body">mi didn't write it...mi just post it </div></div> I really don't matter,they do whatever it takes to suppress certain parts of history.
So shooting the messenger is not above their acts. </div></div>

really now

[Dr.Dudd]

Re: The Black Market

<div class="ubbcode-block"><div class="ubbcode-header">Originally Posted By: MrsKurlie</div><div class="ubbcode-body"><div class="ubbcode-block"><div class="ubbcode-header">Originally Posted By: Dr.Dudd</div><div class="ubbcode-body"><div class="ubbcode-block"><div class="ubbcode-header">Originally Posted By: MrsKurlie</div><div class="ubbcode-body">mi didn't write it...mi just post it </div></div> I really don't matter,they do whatever it takes to suppress certain parts of history.
So shooting the messenger is not above their acts. </div></div>

really now </div></div> Yes really...

[Kurlie]

Re: The Black Market

so come wid di trut den nuh...

[Tuff Gong]

Re: The Black Market

<div class="ubbcode-block"><div class="ubbcode-header">Originally Posted By: MrsKurlie</div><div class="ubbcode-body">so come wid di trut den nuh... </div></div>

<span style="font-family: 'Arial Black'">LOL</span> I think 2 lovers got their wires crossed!

[Kurlie]

Re: The Black Market

<div class="ubbcode-block"><div class="ubbcode-header">Originally Posted By: Tuff Gong</div><div class="ubbcode-body"><div class="ubbcode-block"><div class="ubbcode-header">Originally Posted By: MrsKurlie</div><div class="ubbcode-body">so come wid di trut den nuh... </div></div>

<span style="font-family: 'Arial Black'">LOL</span> I think 2 lovers got their wires crossed! </div></div>

Ha...you are so funny

[Tuff Gong]

Re: The Black Market

<div class="ubbcode-block"><div class="ubbcode-header">Originally Posted By: Dr.Dudd</div><div class="ubbcode-body"><div class="ubbcode-block"><div class="ubbcode-header">Originally Posted By: MrsKurlie</div><div class="ubbcode-body">mi didn't write it...mi just post it </div></div> I really don't matter,they do whatever it takes to suppress certain parts of history.
So shooting the messenger is not above their acts. </div></div>...can't say it enough but it must be a sign of deep insecurity, dishonesty, craziness or all of the foregoing that you keep looking the phantom army and it never comes?

How is that titling of windmills working out for you?

[Dr.Dudd]

Re: The Black Market

Here they come, one by one..

[Tuff Gong]

Re: The Black Market

<div class="ubbcode-block"><div class="ubbcode-header">Originally Posted By: Dr.Dudd</div><div class="ubbcode-body">Here they come, one by one.. </div></div>

<span style="font-family: 'Arial Black'">LOL</span>..where they at?