garvey da moas controversial

[blugiant]

Re: garvey da moas controversial

<div class="ubbcode-block"><div class="ubbcode-header">Originally Posted By: Wahalla</div><div class="ubbcode-body"><div class="ubbcode-block"><div class="ubbcode-header">Originally Posted By: SistaCtry</div><div class="ubbcode-body"><div class="ubbcode-block"><div class="ubbcode-header">Originally Posted By: evanovitch</div><div class="ubbcode-body">did u know dat it was Edward Seaga who fought for and brought Garvey's body home to Jamaica???? </div></div>

wow, really???

me never know dis,

gwaan chrooo Eddie </div></div>

In fact Eddie Championed the cause of naming Garvey a National Hero... Who had some surpising opposition....on the left... </div></div>

garvey add apposition pon de rite ann da left. dat y norman ann busta criminalize, jail ann separate ann rule politrixx ting fe minimized garvey influence inn ja

[blugiant]

Re: garvey da moas controversial

THE HALF THAT'S NEVER BEEN TOLD

HISTORY IS WRITTEN BY THE WINNERS




&quot;The forgotten past is full of memory&quot;

There are more than a few strange coincidences in the history of the competition between those who preached an African sermon leading up to the Independence of Jamaica in 1962, and those who held firm with England and Empire.

One of the biggest is the somewhat unbelievable fact that the two men on earth who are credited with founding and building the two largest Black Mens's organizations in history - Marcus Garvey with his Universal Negro Improvement Association and Dr. Melaku Bayen, an Ethiopian given the responsibility of establishing the Ethiopian World Federation - would BOTH become ill in the winter of 1940 with a wasting sickness that finished each man off by spring. What are the odds for something like that? Both men became very sick, very suddenly in January, and Dr. Bayen died first, just 41 years old, in May in New York, and Marcus Garvey followed in June in England at the age of 53. Pneumonia and stroke respectively, according to the death certificates: something else for those with a conspiratorial eye.

Or what do we make of the almost mystical consistency of Marcus Garvey and Leonard Howell both being in prison at election times in Jamaica? In 1929, Garvey was elected to the Kingston and St. Andrew Corporation Municipal Council, but lost his seat because he missed too many meetings - because he was in jail serving a three month sentence for contempt of court. Interestingly, it was Norman Manley who handled the case for the government from which the contempt charges came, and it was Norman Manley that was called on to give the legal opinion on whether or not Garvey missing meetings was a valid excuse to revoke his seat on the council and call a new election to fill the vacancy (and undermine his new attempt to become involved in politics). Of course he was in breach of the rules. Of course he lost his seat. Of course a new election was necessary - most of which would be run while Garvey was in jail.

In 1930, on the night before the election that was forced on him, the government served more legal papers on Marcus - seditious libel - because of the editorials he wrote in his newspaper concerning the process that took his council seat away from him. He won it back, and a few months later, in 1931, found himself again in court facing Manley, concerning a series of lawsuits from various Universal Negro Improvement Association chapters in the U.S. The idea was to keep the pressure on Garvey in an effort to stop his aspirations for a political career while they drove him into bankruptcy. His water was cut off and he was forced to stop publishing the newspaper because he could no longer pay the printer.

At this point, after losing and winning back the council seat, in another questionable coincidence, the British Colonial Secretary, A. S. Jelf, as the Acting Governor of Jamaica, revoked the corporate charter for the Kingston and St. Andrews Corporation, eliminating the Municipal Council altogether - as though some mysterious universal energy was dedicated to preventing any success on the part of Marcus Garvey, the man J. Edgar Hoover, the Director of the American Bureau of Investigations at the time called 'the most dangerous black man in the world'.




The Pinnacle

There is an unexamined history hidden in past events in Jamaica. How do we explain the psychotic behavior of Alexander Bustamante towards Garvey, Howell and Rasta? Busta was in New York during the 'Harlem Renaissance', same as Marcus and Leonard, and he watched Garvey rise to the leadership of the largest and most successful Black Organization in history, with Howell working right beside Marcus, active in the Universal Negro Improvement Association. He heard the speeches, he listened to the way Garvey appealled to the angry African sentiments of the crowds. He learned what would work. Then, Busta and Howell both returned to Jamaica in 1932, separately ...both having been away for decades.

It was Marcus Garvey who organized the People's Political Party in Jamaica in 1928, held the UNIA World Convention in Kingston in 1929, and formed the Workers and Labourer's Union in 1930. He also travelled to Geneva, Switzerland in 1928 to deliver the 'Negro Petition' to the League of Nations. He was the first to prepare to organize Jamaicans through the institutions of politics, labour unions, international brotherhood and African Consciousness ...and Empire was on him like a dog to a bone. His first prison term in Jamaica, for contempt, was in 1929, the one designed to prevent his election to the Kingston and St. Andrew's Corporation Municipal Council, and his second, for seditious libel, was in 1930, well timed for the 1931 dissolution of the Corporate Charter, and the destruction of his political ambitions.

By the time Howell and Busta returned to the island in 1932, the entire infrastructure for the organization of the Jamaican people and workers towards an African Consciousness Unity was prepared, and but for the continued attacks by the Colonial, American and British governments against Garvey, would have been developed into one large, powerful movement that unified all of the people of Jamaica under the banner of their stolen African heritage. To England and Empire, Marcus Garvey was indeed, the most dangerous man in the world. If he found success in Jamaica, British plans for the colonies would have been destroyed.

However, by 1931 the harassment became too much for Marcus, and he was publicly talking about leaving Jamaica for England, but he was too poor to finance the move. There is a blizzard of letters and correspondence between Colonial Secretaries, Attorney Generals, Secretaries of State, Police Superintendents and government ministers from the U.S, Great Britain and Jamaica at this time, all of it coordinating a series of lawsuits against Garvey and his new Jamaican version of the UNIA, and the various chapters of the original UNIA in New York. All of them about money. The continued, unrelenting pressure crushed the PPP, the workers union, the weekly newspaper, the international movement and the preaching of African Consciousness. A stream of newpaper articles in the Gleaner attacking Garvey were powerful propaganda that cut into his credibility and popularity with the people. They had been given a taste of the type of power they could create for themselves with organization and unification, but then had the institutions taken away. The people of Jamaica were ready to move forward, they just didn't have the organizational vehicles to do it.

Until Busta and Norman Manley got together, and slowly began to mirror the exact same steps that Garvey took years earlier. Bustamante worked the union sentiment, and Manley worked the political party end of things. Leonard Howell was out there too, preaching African Consciousness, but no political party, no labour organization. By 1934 he's charged with sedition, for refusing to swear loyalty to King George V of England, and is locked up for the next two years, during which time Manley and Bustamante continue to work labour, business and government. In 1937, they've moved in on the Jamaican Workers and Tradesmen Union of Allan Coombs, becoming the legal representative (Manley) and the Treasurer (Busta).

All of this setting up The Move - the 1938 labour riots that consumed Jamaica, the period in time when Bustamante created the Bustamante Industrial Trade Union, with himself as President for Life, and Manley formed the People's National Party. At the same time, Leonard was violently attacked and burned out of Port Morant in St. Thomas, where he found his greatest success preaching to the same people that Bustamante was organizing into his labour union - canefield and dock workers. This same year, Dr. Melaku Bayen arrived to set up the first Charter of the Ethiopia World Federation in Jamaica, Local 17 in downtown Kingston. On stage that night - a lot of Rastas, African Preachers and very strangely, Alexander Bustamante - which goes a long way to explaining why Leonard Howell was the first to leave the EWF, very quickly, to set up his own organization: The Ethiopian Salvation Society.

read da article and tell mii wat oonnoo tink

[jah_yout]

Re: garvey da moas controversial

<div class="ubbcode-block"><div class="ubbcode-header">Originally Posted By: Wahalla</div><div class="ubbcode-body">in fact during the war Selassie ignored Garvey.... Andwhen he went into exile, Garvey went to meet Selassie at the train station on his arrival at Waterloo....Selassie ignored Garvey and went off with the British dignitaries. That hurt Garvey who wrote in the paper he was running in London at the time several anti selassie editorials... (why is the king in London while his people are dying and dancing Calyso)

Selassie was in London during his exile and never met garvey.. despite going to the night club the first Amy Garvey ran... (which was a calyso joint!!!)...

Now who was the Spanish Irish heiress that Garvey was engaged to... ?

And did Garvey ever go to Africa as I have seen the claim he went to North AFrican , Tangiers on hisfirst trip to Europe...? </div></div>


joke ting dis...

selassie-- being the emperor--- would have higher rank than garvey....this is all sour grapes;
who cares who garvey was engaged to?
membah seh the Taino dead out inna yaad...
the fight was for african survival, so commentators can't know the real depth

[jah_yout]

Re: garvey da moas controversial

<div class="ubbcode-block"><div class="ubbcode-header">Quote:</div><div class="ubbcode-body">One of the biggest is the somewhat unbelievable fact that the two men on earth who are credited with founding and building the two largest Black Mens's organizations in history - <span style="font-weight: bold">Marcus Garvey with his Universal Negro Improvement Association and Dr. Melaku Bayen, an Ethiopian given the responsibility of establishing the Ethiopian World Federation </span>- would BOTH become ill in the winter of 1940 with a wasting sickness that finished each man off by spring. What are the odds for something like that? Both men became very sick, very suddenly in January, and Dr. Bayen died first, just 41 years old, in May in New York, and Marcus Garvey followed in June in England at the age of 53. Pneumonia and stroke respectively, according to the death certificates: something else for those with a conspiratorial eye. </div></div>

very interesting indeed...

Bayen was selassie's emissary to the african diaspora &amp; cousin...
he was very bitter that garvey chose to attack the emperor in the way he did...
garvey suffered a judgement;
regardless they were soldiers in the same struggle...

great men &amp; prophets

[jah_yout]

Re: garvey da moas controversial

<div class="ubbcode-block"><div class="ubbcode-header">Originally Posted By: blakkgiant</div><div class="ubbcode-body"><div class="ubbcode-block"><div class="ubbcode-header">Originally Posted By: Wahalla</div><div class="ubbcode-body">in fact during the war Selassie ignored Garvey.... Andwhen he went into exile, Garvey went to meet Selassie at the train station on his arrival at Waterloo....Selassie ignored Garvey and went off with the British dignitaries. That hurt Garvey who wrote in the paper he was running in London at the time several anti selassie editorials... (why is the king in London while his people are dying and dancing Calyso)

Selassie was in London during his exile and never met garvey.. despite going to the night club the first Amy Garvey ran... (which was a calyso joint!!!)...

Now who was the Spanish Irish heiress that Garvey was engaged to... ?

And did Garvey ever go to Africa as I have seen the claim he went to North AFrican , Tangiers on hisfirst trip to Europe...? </div></div>

intarestinn pints yu ann evan raisinn

selassie ann garvey adda veree intarestinn relationship. garvey bunn a latt aff fiyah pon selassie cowardice. jy soon cum defend selassie

dat spanish heiress ting mii neva kno. mii affii doo sum reseach pon dat

fram wat mii read oyinbo kept imm fram visitinn da madderland butt mii cood bee wrang </div></div>

garvey was setting up a stronghold in Liberia;

however it failed due to intrigue...
garvey considered himself president of africa, but he failed to realize there was a lready an emperor....
garvey should have moved more under the radar as far as the continent was concerned...

but the mission fulfilled as Selassie I founded the Organization of African Unity...

in Jamaica he laid a wreath at Garvey's tomb to seal up the reconciliation...

giants of the struggle

[jah_yout]

Re: garvey da moas controversial

<div class="ubbcode-block"><div class="ubbcode-header">Originally Posted By: evanovitch</div><div class="ubbcode-body"><div class="ubbcode-block"><div class="ubbcode-header">Originally Posted By: Wahalla</div><div class="ubbcode-body">in fact during the war Selassie ignored Garvey.... Andwhen he went into exile, Garvey went to meet Selassie at the train station on his arrival at Waterloo....Selassie ignored Garvey and went off with the British dignitaries. That hurt Garvey who wrote in the paper he was running in London at the time several anti selassie editorials... (why is the king in London while his people are dying and dancing Calyso)

Selassie was in London during his exile and never met garvey.. despite going to the night club the first Amy Garvey ran... (which was a calyso joint!!!)...

Now who was the Spanish Irish heiress that Garvey was engaged to... ?

And did Garvey ever go to Africa as I have seen the claim he went to North AFrican , Tangiers on hisfirst trip to Europe...? </div></div>

Garvey was snubbed by the Black American elite who seh dem was championing integration because he , Garvey was toooo black...i kid u not...they did not appreciate his call for unity thinking he was too in ur face n would create white backlash..as if whites were going to approve any form of change, willingly...

</div></div>


that's inaccurate to say &quot;they&quot;...
some opposed him, some did not...
it must be remembered that garvey made mistakes in the public relations area as well...like meeting with the klu klux klan...and trusting unscrupulous characters too much power in his Black Star Line company

[jah_yout]

Re: garvey da moas controversial

<div class="ubbcode-block"><div class="ubbcode-header">Originally Posted By: evanovitch</div><div class="ubbcode-body">people dont want to memba dat Selassie sat in his palace while Ethiopia spiralled down into that horrendous famine...

denied that it was happening...

so u can see dat every great man ha him achilled heel </div></div>

people remember that a famine occurred in wello region, ethiopia during selassie's rule...

but how many remember that millions of famines have occurred &amp; are still occurring on earth during the watch of the Creator who created this earth...
one in said East Africa right this minute...

dem nuh know seh a judgement!
Rastafari

[Wahalla]

Re: garvey da moas controversial

I really would like to know who the Spanish Irish woman that Garvey is reputed to have been engaged to. I first heard it 73 or 74... No one ever beleived me.. That I saw the claim in &quot;Negro with a hat&quot; the biograaphy that was out a coupleyears back....

Bhy the way Garvey encouraged Jamaicans in Central America to fight for king an country in 1914.. in fact he petioned/wrote the the king.. and after 1916 he encouraged AA to join the yanki and fight...for Woodrow Wilsons army...

[blugiant]

Re: garvey da moas controversial

<div class="ubbcode-block"><div class="ubbcode-header">Originally Posted By: jah_yout</div><div class="ubbcode-body">


garvey was setting up a stronghold in Liberia;

however it failed due to intrigue...
garvey considered himself president of africa, but he failed to realize there was a lready an emperor....
garvey should have moved more under the radar as far as the continent was concerned...

but the mission fulfilled as Selassie I founded the Organization of African Unity...

in Jamaica he laid a wreath at Garvey's tomb to seal up the reconciliation...

giants of the struggle </div></div>

wat mii read dat imm neva set foot pon da madderland butt mii cood bee wrang

yess garvey tried fe set upp ting inn liberia butt money peeps fear oww dat wood affect de rubber plantation monopoly. strange dat communists ann capitalists boat appose garvey

yess garvey tried fe set immself upp as president aff afrikka. mii figgitt da exact name aff de title. da ting dough mii tink garvey wass more respected bye da masses dan selassie

garvey ann selassie egos clash raddar dan wukkinn toward common goal of da unification. oau neva fullfill da aim

[blugiant]

Re: garvey da moas controversial


&quot;The forgotten past is full of memory&quot;

There are more than a few strange coincidences in the history of the competition between those who preached an African sermon leading up to the Independence of Jamaica in 1962, and those who held firm with England and Empire.

One of the biggest is the somewhat unbelievable fact that the two men on earth who are credited with founding and building the two largest Black Mens's organizations in history - Marcus Garvey with his Universal Negro Improvement Association and Dr. Melaku Bayen, an Ethiopian given the responsibility of establishing the Ethiopian World Federation - would BOTH become ill in the winter of 1940 with a wasting sickness that finished each man off by spring. What are the odds for something like that? Both men became very sick, very suddenly in January, and Dr. Bayen died first, just 41 years old, in May in New York, and Marcus Garvey followed in June in England at the age of 53. Pneumonia and stroke respectively, according to the death certificates: something else for those with a conspiratorial eye.

Or what do we make of the almost mystical consistency of Marcus Garvey and Leonard Howell both being in prison at election times in Jamaica? In 1929, Garvey was elected to the Kingston and St. Andrew Corporation Municipal Council, but lost his seat because he missed too many meetings - because he was in jail serving a three month sentence for contempt of court. Interestingly, it was Norman Manley who handled the case for the government from which the contempt charges came, and it was Norman Manley that was called on to give the legal opinion on whether or not Garvey missing meetings was a valid excuse to revoke his seat on the council and call a new election to fill the vacancy (and undermine his new attempt to become involved in politics). Of course he was in breach of the rules. Of course he lost his seat. Of course a new election was necessary - most of which would be run while Garvey was in jail.

In 1930, on the night before the election that was forced on him, the government served more legal papers on Marcus - seditious libel - because of the editorials he wrote in his newspaper concerning the process that took his council seat away from him. He won it back, and a few months later, in 1931, found himself again in court facing Manley, concerning a series of lawsuits from various Universal Negro Improvement Association chapters in the U.S. The idea was to keep the pressure on Garvey in an effort to stop his aspirations for a political career while they drove him into bankruptcy. His water was cut off and he was forced to stop publishing the newspaper because he could no longer pay the printer.

At this point, after losing and winning back the council seat, in another questionable coincidence, the British Colonial Secretary, A. S. Jelf, as the Acting Governor of Jamaica, revoked the corporate charter for the Kingston and St. Andrews Corporation, eliminating the Municipal Council altogether - as though some mysterious universal energy was dedicated to preventing any success on the part of Marcus Garvey, the man J. Edgar Hoover, the Director of the American Bureau of Investigations at the time called 'the most dangerous black man in the world'.

Shivers go down the spine of anyone who is familiar with the story of the cancer treatment tortures that Bob Marley was subjected to by the German quack Dr. Josef Issels, who has since been revealed to have been a Nazi who worked with Dr. Mengele in the concentration camps of WWII. The first thing the good doctor said to Bob when he met him for the first time - 'So you're the most dangerous black man in the world, are you?' We all know how that one ended.

In a remarkably similar sequence of events, Leonard Howell had the misfortune of being locked up in prison in Jamaica from 1934 to 1936, during which time Marcus Garvey was driven off the island to England, His Imperial Majesty Haile Selassie I was forced into exile in England as well, and was refused any assistance from the League of Nations to deal with the unwarrented invasion of Italian troops slaughtering his subjects. Leonard was in jail again from 1941 to 1943, during which time Alexander Bustamante formed the Jamaican Labour Party to run against his cousin Norman Manley and the People's National Party in the 1944 General Elections - the first time that every Jamaican was allowed to vote, but strangely had no candidates offering an African Consciousness platform. No Garvey. No Howell. Only Busta and the JLP or Manley and the PNP, who just two years earlier were on the same team. Not really a choice as much as a manipulation of choices.

Another interesting longshot to consider from 1935 was that all four major leaders of the Rastafarian movement in Jamaica - Howell, Robert Hinds, Joseph Hibbert and Archibald Dunkley - were all in prison at the same time. For a period of a few months that year, there were no leaders available to preach African Consciousness anywhere on the island. There was no one to lead the charge to answer the call to defend Emperor Selassie I and Ethiopia. Interesting timing.

Now some might say that this was due to England's concern about what would happen in Jamaica when news of the exile of Emperor Selassie I spread out to the colonies. 1935 is the watershed year in what has been called 'the Africanization of Ethiopia' for the members of the Diaspora. The vicious, brutal and unwarrented assault on Ethiopia by the far more modern Italian army angered millions of black people all over the planet, and they began to rise up to offer military and financial assistance. The Diaspora was injected with a powerful shot of their African cultural heritage - they were beginning to turn to Africa in large numbers. There was a mass spiritual awakening among the scattered sons and daughters all over the planet, calling them to come back home. Empire took steps to make sure that didn't happen.

The League of Nations turned their back on Selassie I, and unbelievably maintained an arms embargo AGAINST Ethiopia, and prevented tens of thousands of volunteers from traveling to Africa to fight. They couldn't even find a way to donate money effectively. The Universal Negro Improvement Association of Marcus Garvey had been fragmented into warring Chapters, everybody suing Garvey down in Jamaica (with Manley handling the cases), and the Ethiopian World Federation was still a year away from being organized. Those people with conspiratorial eyes might see this as suspicious - just when the movement is needed the most.

Interestingly, 1935 is also the year that Great Britain began to pour a lot of money into fixing up the Lunatic Asylums all through the Caribbean colonies, renaming them 'Mental Hospitals' with smooth new identities - Bellevue, Shady Woods, Sea View - and then filling them to 25% overcapacity within the next five years. Exactly who was being sent to fill these new beds isn't hard to figure out. Both Howell and Dunkley were among those judged 'legally insane' ...and committed for years into institutions that did't have to recognize the rights of the individual ...subjected to forced treatments which at the time were limited to electro-shock, insulin comas and icepick lobotomies. The treatment of Alexander Bedward, another early African Consciousness preacher, suggests that this was an effective method of silencing political activism which the British Colonial Government used regularly. In 1921 while leading a rights march, Bedward was arrested and sent to the Jamaican Lunatic Asylum ...until his death nine years later in 1930. At the time of the march he had around 30,000 followers. Bedward never preached again, and his group fragmented.

The period in world history from around the end of WWI in 1918 until 1962, the year of Jamaican Independence, was perhaps the most important for British Colonialism. This was when the plans were being made to manipulate the unavoidable situation that was quickly unfolding concerning human rights and freedoms around the world, forcing the development of a process that provided the appearance of granting freedom and independent statehood to the colonies while maintaining as much political, economic and social control as possible. At stake was a fundamental shift in world power and political loyalties, understanding that the victims of four hundred years of brutal slavery, violence and oppression at the hands of European society were likely to decide quickly to completely abandon anything and everything to do with White Society and embrace their African cultural heritage - and pledge their loyalty and citizenship to a Black African King rather than a White European Monarch.

The bottom line is easy to understand. Give the colonies their independence on paper, but keep everything British. Give the people their freedom, but maintain ownership and control of all the businesses. Continue with the domination, using economics as a weapon. Manipulate poverty and oppression as effective controls for the evolution of Colonial representation into consitutional reform and statehood.

To do this, anyone preaching African Consciousness had to be shut down completely before any voting could take place.


We need to take a closer look at what we are told is 'history'. There is a court case proceeding in Jamaica today which is the direct result of these long term government policies of identifying, infiltrating, undermining and destroying any preacher, leader or organization that pursued African Consciousness and Black Identity. In 1940, a year before the Dangerous Drug Act of Jamaica was passed, making ganja possession and cultivation illegal (the number one cash crop for Rasta - a move which not only cut into their revenues but also turned their lifestyle into criminality, which gave the government the right to attack), Leonard Howell paid cash to Mr. Albert Chang for 500 beautiful acres of rugged land, high in the hills of St. Catherine Parish, where he established The Pinnacle - the first Rastafarian Commune. A place where 4,000 like minded Jamaicans assembled to live according to their African heritage, expressing their desire to be recognized as Ethiopians and subjects of their African King.

The Pinnacle was harassed and raided by the Jamaican government almost immediately, treatment that continued for the next fourteen years, until 1954 when a military batallion was unleased to kill, beat, injure and brutalize 'every living thing', burning down the private homes and belongings of private citizens living on private land, and then forcibly relocating them in their brutalized condition into the squalor and filth of the West Kingston shantytown Back-O-Wall.

Everytime Pinnacle was raided, the police and military took all of the money in the community bank. After the 1954 massacre, Leonard was confined in the Mental Asylum again, and the government confiscated his 500 acres of land. To this day no one has been compensated for any of it. The brutalization, the destruction of their homes and belongings, the stolen cash or the illegal confiscation of privately owned property. Leonard never got his land back, and was never paid a penny for it. Worse yet, this time through, the asylum system damaged him permanently. Normally a loud, boisterous, aggressive sort, after his release in 1958 Leonard was a changed man. He didn't talk much anymore and quietly dropped out of history, living on a tiny slice of land on the edge of the Pinnacle acreage.

Most people are shocked to learn that Howell died just three months before Bob Marley in 1981. Both 'Gongs of Rasta' went silent within one hundred days of each other, at the same point in time that Ronald Reagan and George Bush Sr. took the White House in Washington, D.C. The first foreign leader to visit the new regime in the U.S. - the recently elected Prime Minster of Jamaica, Edward Seaga, in the most violent political campaign in Jamaican history. Both interesting and odd.

Today the stolen money and the stolen land are worth millions, but the ownership of the property is a murky question. The problem is that the family of Leonard Howell and the Rastafarian Order of Nyahbinghi know that the government of Jamaica took possession of these things illegally, and has never had any right to claim ownership, let alone waiting until the disputed owner is dead to piece it off to developers and pocket the money. The Family and the Nyahbinghi understand this land to be not only a National Heritage Site, but also an International Heritage Site. Holy Ground on which a worldwide movement began, one which now claims over a million members in dozens of countries. The insult of plowing it all under to build expensive housing in a gated community, on top of the insult of stealing it, on top of the insult of invading it, on top of the insult of murdering and brutalizing the people who lived there because of their faith, is a heavy burden for those who are trying to use the legal process to stop this criminality.

[Derek]

Re: garvey da moas controversial

<div class="ubbcode-block"><div class="ubbcode-header">Quote:</div><div class="ubbcode-body">One of the biggest is the somewhat unbelievable fact that the two men on earth who are credited with founding and building the two largest Black Mens's organizations in history - <span style="font-weight: bold">Marcus Garvey with his Universal Negro Improvement Association and Dr. Melaku Bayen, an Ethiopian given the responsibility of establishing the Ethiopian World Federation </span>- would BOTH become ill in the winter of 1940 with a wasting sickness that finished each man off by spring. What are the odds for something like that? Both men became very sick, very suddenly in January, and Dr. Bayen died first, just 41 years old, in May in New York, and Marcus Garvey followed in June in England at the age of 53. Pneumonia and stroke respectively, according to the death certificates: something else for those with a conspiratorial eye. </div></div>

[jah_yout]

Re: garvey da moas controversial

bless-ed earthstrong mosiah...

heard interesting stuff today;

he went to see w.e.b. dubois when he first came to america...

&amp; dubois went to one of his very first speeches inna merca...

also learned that the majority of the early memebers of the UNIA in america were caribbean people...it was later that african-americans dominated the membership

[blugiant]

Re: garvey da moas controversial

<div class="ubbcode-block"><div class="ubbcode-header">Originally Posted By: jah_yout</div><div class="ubbcode-body">bless-ed earthstrong mosiah...

heard interesting stuff today;

he went to see w.e.b. dubois when he first came to america...

&amp; dubois went to one of his very first speeches inna merca...

also learned that the majority of the early memebers of the UNIA in america were caribbean people...it was later that african-americans dominated the membership </div></div>

dubois da mixxed race man. tink dubois was haitian ann garvey criticism aff imm wass dat dubois tried to serve da oyinbo da finance imm ann da lite skin blakk education elites. garvey stress education butt garvey didd natt believe dat education alone cood uplift blakks dat y garvey bunn fiyah pon dubois talented tenth

jdo yu knoo iff deer iss any trooth to da quote below
<div class="ubbcode-block"><div class="ubbcode-header">Quote:</div><div class="ubbcode-body">Shivers go down the spine of anyone who is familiar with the story of the cancer treatment tortures that Bob Marley was subjected to by the German quack Dr. Josef Issels, who has since been revealed to have been a Nazi who worked with Dr. Mengele in the concentration camps of WWII</div></div>

[blugiant]

Re: garvey da moas controversial

Marcus Mosiah Garvey Jr. is most notably known for his leadership role in the Universal Negro Improvement Association and African Communities League (UNIA-ACL), which he founded in 1914, and established the first branch in Jamaica after spending some years in the Caribbean, Central and South America, and London mainly working in the newspaper and printing industry.

Garvey was born in St. Ann’s Bay, Jamaica in 1887. He portrayed a keen likeness to reading as a young boy, as his father and uncle both kept collections of books which he took to use, and later earned the title of master printer as a young man. One of his first endeavors as a printer was the publication of The Watchman.
Garvey’s ultimate objective, through the UNIA-ACL, was to create an independent black nation. His efforts would have, arguably, been successful if certain forces (both internal and external) did not inhibit the progression of the UNIA-ACL.

In 1916, he arrived in the U.S. to lecture and raise capital to establish a school in Jamaica modeled after Booker T. Washington’s Tuskegee Institute. Later that year, he moved to New York, and in May of 1917, Garvey and thirteen others established the first UNIA branch in the U.S. Through hard work and leadership, the UNIA grew with great success. By 1919 Garvey had approximately 750,000 followers.

Garvey began to campaign across the U.S. and eventually established 500 UNIA divisions in 22 countries. He had developed an aggressive speaking style over the years, and had earned the admiration of people of all races. His style of action was much different from those of his time and before him. Garvey was noted as calling the black leaders of the time “weak”.

In a time where it was difficult for a man of any color to provide for his family, especially African Americans, the UNIA provided a sense of belonging and fraternity to men, women, and juniors. Uniforms and ranks were given, as well as social programs. Garvey designed the red, black, and green flag for the organization. The Negro World Newspaper was another medium of building community by the UNIA, as it provided essays, poetry, articles, and black history.

Garvey had many critics as well within and outside of the black community. Some leaders did not agree with his seemingly loud representation of the unification of black people. The federal Government at the time considered him a threat to national security. The Justice Department formed the General Intelligence Division, based solely on the activities of the UNIA. It was led by J. Edgar Hoover. The “Africa for the Africans” campaign was arguably the most notable movement that alarmed the U.S. and Great Britain as taking Garvey and the UNIA more serious.

Garvey set up various businesses to employ black people and strengthen the organization. Some businesses were successful and others failed. The UNIA was successful for a short period in creating investment opportunities for members and followers through various funds and stock purchases, such as the Negro Factories Corporation and the Black Star Line. The Black Star Line was, roughly, a business venture to purchase and operate sea vessels for the transportation of goods and eventually African Americans to Africa. It became a proud symbol of the UNIA and its followers as a sign of significant progress.

The Black Star Line was quite possibly a milestone for the height of the UNIA and as the beginning of its descent. The government began to view Garvey as a Nationalist, as he openly portrayed the UNIA as a “government in exile”; giving himself the title of Provisional President of Africa. The movement had all the markings of a government in its infancy. Garvey wrote a Black Declaration of Rights along with other provisional documents.

Eventually, agents made their way into Garvey’s circle of trust. These spies were assigned to get information that may incriminate Garvey. While in the meantime, they sabotaged his efforts to advance the success of the Black Star Line by such actions as damaging equipment and intentionally overestimating a ship at a significantly higher cost for purchase. Some people began to worry about their investments in Black Star Line stock.

One day at Garvey’s Harlem office, a man named George Tyler drew his .38 caliber pistol on Garvey and fired 4 shots during a struggle. Garvey was hit twice; once in the leg and once in the scalp. He survived the shooting and appeared at a gathering the next day. Tyler committed suicide by jumping off the third story tier of the jail while on his way to his arraignment. Tyler supposedly told Garvey that Kilroe sent him before his attack. Edwin P. Kilroe was an Assistant District Attorney whom had many run-ins with Garvey. Others suggest that Tyler was a disgruntled investor.

Garvey gained more critics of his work after he allowed Klu Klux Klan leaders to debate with him at his assemblies. In addition to the misinformation and propaganda against the UNIA, one detrimental mistake contributed considerably to the downfall of the UNIA. A picture of a ship called the Phyllis Wheatley was advertised on a stock brochure for the Black Star Line, although a ship of this name had not yet been purchased by the company. Garvey, along with three other UNIA officers were arrested for mail fraud, which resulted in the overall defrauding of one person for $25, whether or not it was intended.

After 2 years of appeals, and representing himself in court during his four week trial, Garvey was sentenced to 5 years in prison. In 1927 he was pardoned and ordered to be deported to Jamaica, after millions of people signed petitions for his release. Garvey had weak lungs and heart disease. Various officers of government felt that his martyrdom would only make the UNIA stronger. Being an election year, President Coolidge and the Republican Party felt that if Garvey was not released, that black people, being mostly Republican at the time, would vote for another candidate or the other party.

Garvey was finally shipped back to Jamaica, with a large crowd bidding him farewell at the harbor and as he also rightfully received a hero’s welcome when he arrived in Jamaica. His achievements continued in Jamaica as he presented the Petition of the Negro Race in Geneva, 1928, founder of the People’s Political Party in 1929 and the Edelweiss Amusement Company in 1931. His accomplishments go beyond this article, as Garvey remained a busy and determined delegate in the area of equal rights for black people all over the world.

Garvey suffered from a stroke in January of 1940, where he remained hospitalized until his death in mid 1940 due to a stroke that occurred while reading his premature obituary in the newspaper. The obituary was printed by the Chicago Messenger, which stated Garvey died “broke, alone, and unpopular.” Other reports of his death state he was poisoned on a ship.

Countless tributes and memorials are in Garvey’s name from Jamaica to the U.K. Ironically Garvey never set foot in Africa, despite all of his campaigns, but is nonetheless a prominent historical figure their and around the world. Marcus Garvey told black people that “their history did not begin with slavery,” and gave them strength in a time of utmost degradation and apathy towards an entire race. Despite his subjective faults, Garvey led for change, and is arguably the impetus for the change that has occurred with respect to Civil Rights for African Americans and black people across the world. This goes to show us all, no matter what the race, that unity is the key to overcoming any type of oppression. The Universal Negro Improvement Association and African Communities League still exists and thrives today.

”The pen is mightier than the sword, but the tongue is mightier than the
both put together.”


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Re: garvey da moas controversial

<div class="ubbcode-block"><div class="ubbcode-header">Quote:</div><div class="ubbcode-body">In addition to the misinformation and propaganda against the UNIA, one detrimental mistake contributed considerably to the downfall of the UNIA. A picture of a ship called the Phyllis Wheatley was advertised on a stock brochure for the Black Star Line, although a ship of this name had not yet been purchased by the company. Garvey, along with three other UNIA officers were arrested for mail fraud, which resulted in the overall defrauding of one person for $25, whether or not it was intended.</div></div>

itt cah garvey send da stock brochure troo da mail y imm wass canvicted. natt da stock inn da blackstar line wass fraudulent but da picture wass de prablem