white on white crime

[Tropicana]

Wrong again...they were Russian.

[Emperah]

Wrong again...they were Russian.

is you wrong, dem migrated to Russia

[Tropicana]

Well since you are derailing your own thread.

---

Jewish massive settlement in Middle and Eastern Europe has been recorded since the end of the 11^th century. The first arriving Jews were merchants (dealing between east and the west) who were referred to as Radhanites. They were fluent in many languages, including Arabic, Persian, Greek, Spanish, "Franklish" and "Slav". One of them was Ibrahim Ibn Yacub, who authored the first known extensive article about Poland, took a journey from his hometown - Toledo - in (Moslem) Spain to the Holy (Christian) Roman Empire in 965 or 966 and then he went to the Slavonic countries.
The map below illustrates the migration waves of Jews into central Europe.


At the end of feudal disintegration in Central and Eastern Europe (occured in the 13^th and 14^th centuries) the rulers encouraged Jewish immigration. In the 14^th and 15^th centuries the Jews were mainly middlemen in trade between Poland, Hungary, Turkey and the Italian colonies on the Black Sea.
Jewish immigrants headed east to Poland during the reign of Casimir the Great, who encouraged Jewish settlement by extending royal protection to them. One of the first mentions about Jewish settlements was in Lwow about 1356. Other places are also mentioned in the second half of the 14^th century.
In the 15^th century Jews appeared in many cities in Great Poland, Little Poland, Kuyavia, Pomerania and Red Ruthenia. In the 1450's Polish towns gave shelter to Jewish refugees from Silesia which was then ruled by the Habsburgs.



More:
http://turkel.org.il/History.htm

[Tropicana]

Early History

In the seventh century many Jews from Greece, Babylonia, Persia, and the Middle East and Mediterranean area immigrated to the Caucasus and beyond. From the early Middle Ages, Jewish merchants (known in Hebrew as holkhei Rusyah – Russian travelers) traveled through the Slavic and Khazar lands on their way to India and China. During the first half of the eighth century, theKhazar’s converted to Judaism. The Khazar kingdom essentially became a new Jewish kingdom. Some scholars trace the origins of Ashkenazi Jews to the conversion of the Khazars. The influence of the Khazar conversions are significant enough to be a major topic of research for scholars today.
The kingdom of Jewish Khazars is referred to in ancient Russian literature as the “Land of the Jews.” There were also Jews living in Kiev at this time and ancient Russian sources mention the “Gate of the Jews” in Kiev. Historical records preserve disputations between the Jews of Kiev and Christian clergy. There are also records of communications between Jews in Kiev and Jews in Babylonia and Western Europe, including, in the 12^th century, a mention of R. Moses of Kiev corresponding with Rabbenu Jacob ben Meir Tam and Gaon Samuel b. Ali of Baghdad. In 1237, however, the invasion of the Mongols brought much suffering to the Jewish communities of Russia.

Fourteenth Century

In the 14^th century, the Lithuanians gained control of Western Russia and, in the late 14^th century, were the first to grant privileges to Jewish communities under their control. It was during this period that many Jews emigrated to the Ukraine and portions of western Russia. In 1648-1649, the Chmielnicki pogroms devastated some of these Jews and these pogroms continued for several centuries. In the 19^th and 20^th centuries, Russian Jewry was connected with Polish and Lithuanian Jewry, partially due to Russia’s annexation of Poland in the late 18^th century and the creation of the Soviet Union in the 20^th century.
A 1791 decree confirmed the right of Russian Jews to live in the territory annexed from Poland and permitted Jews to settle there. Subsequent conquests and annexations helped ferment the area known of as “The Pale of Settlement” created in 1791 to rid Moscow of Jews. Its borders were finalized in 1812 with the annexation of Bessarabia.
Between the 16^th and 18^th centuries, Jews either entered Russia illegally or with Polish or Lithuanian permission due to trade business. Small Jewish communities still existed despite calls for expulsion, due to the importance Jews played in commerce. Many Jews were in the Middle Class due to their involvement in business and commerce. The economic position of the Jews deteriorated with their confinement to the Pale of Settlement. When they came under Russian control, the communities were weakened through a new and disproportionate tax burden. The previously well-off Jewish community soon led to a life of poverty.

In the 1700s, the Hasidic movement was founded in Eastern Europe to reach out to the Jewish masses. During the period of transfer to Russian domination, conflicts between the Hasidim and the Mitnagdim increased. The clash even led to the arrest of one of the major Hasidic leaders, Shneur Zalman of Lyady in 1798 and transport to St. Petersburg for interrogation. Despite the disagreements, the Hasidic “courts” and Mitnaggedic yeshivot merged to create a flourishing and diverse Jewish culture.

[Tropicana]

Under Nicholas I & Alexander II (1825-1881)

Czar Nicholas I (reign: 1825-1855) sought to destroy all Jewish life in Russia and his reign constitutes a painful part of European Jewish history. In 1825, he ordered the conscription of Jewish youth into the Russian military beginning at age 12. Many of the youngsters were kidnapped by “snatchers” (“khapers”) in order to get them to spend their formative years in the Russian military. This had a significant effect in lowering the morale of the Russian Jewish community. The Jews that were not forced to spend decades in the military were often expelled from their towns and villages.
Some Jews escaped this persecution, however, as the government encouraged agricultural settlement among Jews. These Jews were exempt from forced conscription. Many Jewish agricultural settlements were established in southern Russia and the rest of the Pale of Settlement.
In the 1840s, a network of special schools was created for the Jews since they had not availed themselves of the opportunity established in 1804 to study in the regular schools. These schools were paid for by a special tax imposed on the Jews. In 1844, a decree was established that the teachers would be both Christians and Jews. The Jewish community viewed the government’s attempt to set up these schools as a way of secularizing and assimilating the younger generation. Their fears were not unfounded as the decree to require Christian teachers was accompanied by the declaration that "the purpose of the education of the Jews is to bring them nearer to the Christians and to uproot their harmful beliefs which are influenced by the Talmud."
In 1844, the Polish-style communities were disbanded but they were replaced by a new communal organizational structure. A law was instituted prohibiting Jews from growing pe’ot (“sidelocks”) and wearing traditional clothes. Nicholas I than divided Jews into two groups – “useful” and “not useful.” The wealthy merchants and those essential for commerce were deemed “useful,” all others “non-useful.” The order granted opposition from the Jewish communities of Western Europe and worldwide, but was instituted in 1851. The order was delayed with the Crimean War but the war only led to increased kidnappings of children and young adults into military service, often never to be seen again.

The reign of Alexander II (1855-1881) resulted in an end to the harsh treatment of the Jews, but nevertheless new policies were implemented to ensure the assimilation of the Jews. As Jews began to move out of the Pale of Settlement, those having a Russian secondary-school education were granted greater rights, which increased Jewish enrollment in Russian schools. This led to increased assimilation. Assimilation was somewhat hindered as Jews in the military were prohibited from receiving the ranks of officers, which limited the contact between Jew and non-Jew. Emancipation of the Jews began slowly and assimilation skyrocketed. As assimilation led to increased visibility of the Jews, this led to anger among the non-Jewish community. The leading opponents to Jewish prominence included Russian luminaries such as Ivan Asakov and Fyodor Dostoyevski. The liberal and revolutionary elements were also opposed to the increased presence of the Jews. The anti-Jewish strength strengthened after the Balkan War (1877-1878).
However, between 1850 and the end of the 19^th century, the Jewish population in Russia increased substantially due to a high birthrate and a low mortality rate. In 1850, the number of Jews in Russia stood at around 2,350,000 whereas it almost doubled to 5,000,000 by the late 19^th century. Due to the high birthrates, competition in traditionally Jewish jobs also increased. The increased competition resulted in both the development of a Jewish proletariat and a small Jewish upper class. The increased competition led to economic diversification, such as Jews leasing alcoholic beverages (then a government monopoly) and engaging in construction and industrial development. Small groups of Jews became prominent in the banking industries and began to penetrate the intelligentsia (academia) and professional positions (lawyers, doctors, scientists, writers). The emancipation of the serfs led to a strong demand for land and therefore the government stopped encouraging Russian agricultural settlement. This land scarcity led to the Jewish communities migration throughout other parts of the Russian Empire.

More: http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/...jw/russia.html

[Tropicana]

There you go Emperah

[Emperah]

The Khazarian ppl the origin of the so-called jews who inhabit palestine. More truth


aye sah mi kno smaddy nah guh like it, but fact is fact

[Tropicana]

Many of the Jews who inhabit Israel did not descend from the Jews of the Bible.

[Emperah]

and how do the imported ones treat those?

[Tropicana]

From what me hear....not very well.

Emperah, you really determined to derail your own thread today.

[Emperah]

Many of the Jews who inhabit Israel did not descend from the Jews of the Bible.

Those that are there are the Khazars, johnny come lately and there was no Israel in biblical days when it comes to a place with a land mass.

[Emperah]

From what me hear....not very well.

Emperah, you really determined to derail your own thread today.

it is still yt on yt suh it nuh derail at all

[Tropicana]

There are some of the original Jews there too.

I have always wondered why a homeland for the European Jews who were persecuted in Europe wasn't established in Europe but this was from before mi bawn so mi guess mi shouldn't waste any grey mattah thinking bout dat.

[Tropicana]

it is still yt on yt suh it nuh derail at all

True...true....so I guess I can merge it with the other thread where I answered blu so that I did not derail THIS thread and risk you pon mi?

Next time I will see if a topic is okay before I risk derailing one of your threads or annoying you by starting a new thread so as not to derail your existing thread.

[Tropicana]

Never mind I merged it miself

itt like zimmerman jewish faddar ann hispanic maddar oyinbo media cansidar zimmerman hispanic cah imm spoke spanish.

His father is Catholic. Apparently his grandfather or Great Grand father is Black.

Zimmerman is a German name but not Jewish. Someone named Zimmerman told me that YEARS ago.

latt aff jews took da name aff zimmerman inn germaneee

sum jews even married german

One can be Jewish and German at the same time you know.

I am just sharing what a man named Zimmerman told me. I would think he would know more about his own family than I do. He was very specific and said that Zimmerman is a German Protestant name.

natt disagreeinn widd wat imm told yuh mii juss xxplain da addar side aff da toree dat wass natt told.

Here is my response:

I have no knowledge of that.

I did have a friend when I was a teenager who didn't find out she was Jewish until we were college age. She was born and raised in France. The family name had been changed to protect the family during the war. I am not sure if her people were originally from Germany and escaped to France or what but she was quite shocked.

Ditto for another girl I knew. We weren't friends but her fiancée went to our church. We were all in our late teens and she was so traumatized when her family finally told her that her grandmother was Black that she broke off the engagement.