what makes a person "black"...just who exactly is "black"?

[blugiant]

since oonnoo waan fe discussed diss ear iss da tredd

what makes a person "black"...just who exactly is "black"?

wat mekk a person "african"... juss woo exactly is african?

didd oyinbo create afrikkan ann blakk fe serve dem interests?

oww do wee see owaself affect ow wi oparate in da wurld?

blakk ar afrikkan?

does itt matter?

y?

[blugiant]

Dr. Amos Wilson - The Falsification of African Consciousness

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4Mysi4flNEI

[blugiant]

African-American vs. black

The term African-American was advanced in the 1980s to give Americans of African descent an equivalent of German-American, Italian-American, and so on. The term peaked in popularity during the 1990s and 2000s, but today it is often perceived as carrying a self-conscious political correctness that is unnecessary in informal contexts. In informal speech and writing, black is often preferred and is rarely considered offensive. Colored, an old term for African American people, is now considered offensive, and negro has fallen out of favor among younger black Americans.

When using the term African-American as a phrasal adjective preceding the noun it modifies (e.g., an African-American woman), be sure to include a hyphen. When the phrase functions as a noun or an adjective phrase following what it modifies, no hyphen is needed.
Examples

As of 2011, black is not an offensive term for Americans of African descent. For example, these major publications don’t hesitate to use black instead of the more politically correct African-American:

By contrast, St. Louis County, which rings the city, noted an increase in its black population of 39,000. [New York Times]

Black leaders say those in the black community understand the jobs program will benefit them. [Boston Globe]

Today Washington has a large black middle class, but when I first moved to the city in the summer of 1961, it was something else altogether. [Washington Post]

African-American has a slightly loftier tone, but it’s sometimes appropriate—for example:

The exhibition looks at how shared racial persecution shaped relationships between the Jewish instructors and African-American students. [Chicago Tribune]

As historic as Barack Obama’s claim on America’s most famous address might be, he is of course not the first African American to work at 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue. [Sydney Morning Herald]

The novel is based on relationships between white families and their African-American maids in the segregated South of the 1960s. [USA Today]

Note the hyphenation of the phrasal adjective African-American in the first and third examples, and the nonhyphenation of the noun phrase African American in the second example.

http://grammarist.com/usage/african-american-black/

[blugiant]

THE AFRICAN RACE

Defining African Identity Today


"If we are unclear about identity, we will be unclear about everything else "
Kimani Nehusi



"As people of African descent and others assert their definitions of self in an effort to create a national consciousness, European academia belittles these efforts as juvenile and unnecessary"
Marimba Ani



"We are not Africans because we are born in Africa, we are Africans because Africa is born in us"
Chester Higgins, Jr.




"Black, or Blackness, tells you how you look without telling you who you are, whereas Africa, or Africana, relates you to land, history, and culture"
J. H. Clarke





Note: "black African" is a racist and prejorative colonial term. [Lingusitics and Africans] This article is a treaties on being racially African, see also [African culture]


In our contemporary times, we have to accept that identities and terminologies change as circumstances change: There is no such thing as a trans-historical African identity. [1] Therefore, in Africa's ancient history the term 'African' as an identity would have had no meaning; people defined themselves as members of kingdoms, religions, and ethnic groups. However, these identities were still of people in the continent we call Africa.[2]

With greater interaction with non-Africans, Arabs and later Europeans, then this sense or necessity of a centralized globalized African identity started to take root; with its "ethnogenisis" especially in the Diaspora.[2] Blackness, however is a term imposed at the moment of conquest by the apex oppressors — never by Africans themselves. Unlike the name African, it disconnected the people from their land of origin — and hence their birthright and geographical claim.

Buy now Motherland

'The people of Africa is more than a name, it is linked to indigenous rights and issues of sovereignty. Africaness and skin color are not verifications of each other. 'Blackness' fails at every level in both the historical and political context. Africans are the natural people of Africa: The diverse hair textures, the diverse skin hues, are all specific adaptations to living in the diverse African landscape. For this reason alone 'skin blackness" is not an absolute marker for African identity. The Motherland of these adaptations and the cultures are primarily Africa; hence the relevance of the name. [2] 'African' refers exclusively to the historical people of Africa and their descendants in the Diaspora.In plain language, no one is an African unless they can also be considered a 'Black' person. But not every 'Black person' is an African.

Unfortunately, the most distinctive feature of this African identity, beyond relative/subjective phenotypical similarities, is the history of global race-based oppression North, East, South, and West, from Brazil to Bahrain—knowing no land of exception. Historically, In every instances, European self-interest is the overriding factor defining the boundaries of "Africaness", regardless of if it is "race whitening" in Brazil, "coloreds" in South Africa, or the "one-drop rule " of America. In every instance "race" theories have been constructed to services the interest of White/European people.[4]

It becomes critical, in a modern plural world, that the issue of identity be left to the people wearing those identities. Because no matter how else African people define themselves; Islamic, Christian, American, Hispanic, South African, Ethiopian, Hausa, etc. It is that African identity that impacts their relationship with the broader society. It is certainly not the only consideration in the lives of human beings, but certainly a very central one.

Slavery was both mental and physical, much of the physical has been washed away—But the mental remains. And one of the greatest objectives in making "good slaves" was to remove the African connection. And hence Africans were made black/Negro/colored, and homeless — no other connection, other than the reality of the master's plantation —no dreams, other than those of a slave—no higher destiny, other than to service the master's empire, and no greater identity except relative to the slave-master's skin color. And still today the consequences of that enslavement, while diminishing, still impact all African people where identity and agency are concerned.

Outside of Africa, the largest agent shaping inclusion in the African box is African-American identity politics. The roots of this started with the 1 drop rule but is now expressed under African agency as people chose to identify overtly with their African heritage. And in doing so people of mix-heritage (Hispanic, etc) are broadening the definition of "Who is African." So the question of "Who is an African" is really, for all intents and purposes, "Who can claim to be African-American" So not only does America have a monopoly on consumer trends and popular culture, but also in shaping identity.

The diverse ethnic groups, Amhara, Fulani, Zulu, etc are today enclosed within the African family. African therefore is a way of saying all of these native ethnicity and their Diaspora(s), both forced and voluntary. Today being ontologically African is a race, not a place. (Malcolm X) Being African is different from being Arab. Arab is not a race, neither is being Jewish. Being Arab hugs dissimilar people who may be African, White, Kurdish, or Asiatic. A Jordanian Arab maybe a White person, while a Yemeni Arab maybe of Asiatic or even African heritage.[6] Arabs are linked by a combination of language, politics, both historical and cultural factors. While traditionally Arab identity included genealogy, genealogy is no longer a critical factor; especially with the modern (post 9/11) [8] and 7th century Arabization of non-Arab people. [See Afro-Arab interview]

Race, ethnicity, and nationality are three considerations operating on identity. Race is the largest group, which hugs both ethnicity, and supersedes nationality. Nationalities are just the color of someone's passport, or the territories people pledge allegiance to. So when Eritrea became independent, over night the Ethiopian people in the new borders became Eritrean; It is nothing more than a political territory. The Tigray people of both Eritrea and Ethiopia are still speaking the same language, the only difference is they pay taxes to different government departments. The same is true for the Zulus of South Africa and the Ndebele of Zimbabwe (same ancestry, same Ngoni language, etc). And no one has a Zulu Nation without first defining Zulu; likewise you cannot have an African anything, without first defining African.

Escaping race (with doublespeak, political correctness, obfuscation and naïvety) is clearly a luxury for those who have already ascended to become the dominant race-class. For everyone else, race engagement is a consequence of that domination. So the appreciation or relevance of Africaness is located in the face of a multi-racial world and the primary function of defining African identity is first and foremost an exercise in political self-interest and African agency.

So either Africans self-define and profit from that definition or be defined and perished, marginalized, and exploited by that definition. [7][8] [Note]

http://africanholocaust.net/news_ah/africanrace.html

[blugiant]

do yuh prefer da term blakk ar african-etc to describe racial identitee?

da term blakk pon real simple level is bout group identification based on race.

da term african-etc is bout group identification based on kulcha linked to land.

y is deer african versus blakk controversee fe divide by raising academic qwestians?

black consciousness versus afrikkan consciouness

[jah_yout]

do yuh prefer da term blakk ar african-etc to describe racial identitee?

like everything else it depends on context..."black" is just a colloquial term used commonly to refer to peoples of a dark skin shade, especially of african descent, in which case can be of any shade yet still called "black"...which is a color...

da term blakk pon real simple level is bout group identification based on race.

it has no scientific basis, which is why i call it a colloquial term...black is a color...there are some east-indians with a darker skin shade than myself yet many people don't call them "black"..so they have their own concept of what "black" means...black is really an identification based on an idea...just like the modern-day identification called "white"...

da term african-etc is bout group identification based on kulcha linked to land.

or based on a loose racial identity...the diverse racial groups of the continent have a variety of ethnic traits and a variety of cultures...

y is deer african versus blakk controversee fe divide by raising academic qwestians?

because the mind of the so-called black african has been subjected to shenanigans experienced by no other people on such a massive scale...the so-called black/negro/n!66&r has been taught by the beast so confused about identity

black consciousness versus afrikkan consciouness

they are not necessarily at odds with each other---one can identify with the idea of blackness even if one is not an african...and one can be an african and not identify with the concept of blackness...& any other combination;
blackness is a response to the dominant global religion over the last 500 years which has been the religion of white supremacy

[blugiant]

like everything else it depends on context..."black" is just a colloquial term used commonly to refer to peoples of a dark skin shade, especially of african descent, in which case can be of any shade yet still called "black"...which is a color...



it has no scientific basis, which is why i call it a colloquial term...black is a color...there are some east-indians with a darker skin shade than myself yet many people don't call them "black"..so they have their own concept of what "black" means...black is really an identification based on an idea...just like the modern-day identification called "white"...



or based on a loose racial identity...the diverse racial groups of the continent have a variety of ethnic traits and a variety of cultures...



because the mind of the so-called black african has been subjected to shenanigans experienced by no other people on such a massive scale...the so-called black/negro/n!66&r has been taught by the beast so confused about identity



they are not necessarily at odds with each other---one can identify with the idea of blackness even if one is not an african...and one can be an african and not identify with the concept of blackness...& any other combination;
blackness is a response to the dominant global religion over the last 500 years which has been the religion of white supremacy

ann yet blakk ann being blakk iss much more dan dat. blakk iss natt simple ann identity based pon color. itt iss awlso da collective conciousness developed by xxploited peeps fe fite against dem oppressors. dat y even iff blakk was name given to blakk by oyinbo itt has been redefined ann given purposed by blakk peeps.

sciencetrixxfic argument iss weak cah yuh usinn oyinbo science fe argue itt ave no sciencetrixxfic meaninn. science iss funded by oyinbo woo cantrol da da research fundinn so fe mekk argument dat no sciencetrixxfic basis basis mean yuh adoptinn oyinbo mindset ann seeinn science as universal ann widdout racist values. yuh kno dat deer iss sum east indians dat see demself as blakk ann dose a dii wan mii focus pon natt dose dat ar in denial. ar yuh seyinn an idea based pon blakk indentification is natt real? cah mii see dat de idea iss real cah blakk identification ave social value cah itt oyinbo societee dat fund science ann give itt meaninn ann mekk itt tangeebible troo institutional racism

ann yet awl dem racial groups ave similar origin ann certain cultural similaritee. y yuh tink awl culture ave dem own folklore bout great flood.

da evolution aff naming blakk peeps widdout askinn y iss itt dat de indentitee aff blakks need fe keep changinn to canfused da collective knowledge aff blakk unitee. does cawlinn various blakk afro-diss ann afro-dat create a collective canciousness fe uplift blakks ar does itt create more disunitee fe cantinued oyinbo strategee aff separate ann rule

can wan reallee bee ann afrikkan ann natt identeefii widd blakks. can wan reallee bee blakk ann natt identeefii widd africkkans. da ting iss dat juss as da term blakk was imposed pon afrikkans peeps so was da term afrikkan imposed on blakks. da academic divisive discourse based pon oyinbo supremacee iss bout oww knowledge is being used fe redefined ann furdar divide ann xxploited peeps. yurugu sintinn

[SeldomSeen]

Lawd Jeezas.....not again.

[Tropicana]

Why have you started a new thread? This has been discussed a zillion times.

[blugiant]

Lawd Jeezas.....not again.

watt addar name yuh poas undar ann ar yuh oyinbo?

[blugiant]

Why have you started a new thread? This has been discussed a zillion times.

now itt a zillion ann 1 ann itt still revalent

didd yuh watch da youtube ting?

[Tropicana]

ann yet yuh were unable fe anwsar sum aff jy qwestian wen imm ask yuh wat mekk a parsan blakk

Not unable. Just cyan boddah. I have answered and addressed the same question NUMEROUS times. I am not buying the fact that he doesn't know. After all, im a noh pickney. Im well an' know. Just doesn't want to accept himself as Black. This is clearly a classic Black Jamaican in denial....which is not unusual. Next thing he will be making up words like Tiger Woods did to avoid describing himself as Black.

[blugiant]

Not unable. Just cyan boddah. I have answered and addressed the same question NUMEROUS times. I am not buying the fact that he doesn't know. After all, im a noh pickney. Im well an' know. Just doesn't want to accept himself as Black. This is clearly a classic Black Jamaican in denial....which is not unusual. Next thing he will be making up words like Tiger Woods did to avoid describing himself as Black.

mii doan beeleeve dat. ar yuh seyinn dat jy does natt see immself as blakk? didd yuh ask imm iff imm blakk?

wat mekk mii laff iss jamaicans woo sey blakk iss ann oyinbo social invention ann feel comfartable using jamaicans label widdout realizinn itt awlso wan oyinbo label. a latt aff blakk peeps wurldwide ave issue widd blakk ann itt ad fe do widd dem being candition fe tink blakks ar natt worthy

[Tropicana]

now itt a zillion ann 1 ann itt still revalent

What is the point of doing the topics over and over and answering the same questions from the same people who are supposed to know better.

didd yuh watch da youtube ting?

Nope away from home base for the holidays not getting much time on-line.

[jah_yout]

mii doan beeleeve dat. ar yuh seyinn dat jy does natt see immself as blakk? didd yuh ask imm iff imm blakk?

don't ask lunatics---ask me
of course i'm "black"---colloquially/philosophically speaking that is, because my skin color is not black...but in this time it is understood as a term to describe me racially---the term has also been applied to some folks of east-india, pacific islanders like papua new-guineans & original australian & others at different times...if skin color is the basis then any of the afore-mentioned can be "black"...if modern-day philosophy is the basis then a person of pale pinkish-yellow skin tone can be called "black"---again a term signifying a color

wat mekk mii laff iss jamaicans woo sey blakk iss ann oyinbo social invention ann feel comfartable using jamaicans label widdout realizinn itt awlso wan oyinbo label. a latt aff blakk peeps wurldwide ave issue widd blakk ann itt ad fe do widd dem being candition fe tink blakks ar natt worthy

that is not the only reason some blacks don't like it--- some oppose it on the same grounds they opposed terms like colored, neegrow, n!66&r, person-of-color, etc.
a lot of confusion & misrepresentation has come out of the term "black" as well as "white" as racial designations