black historee month

[blugiant]

Tarenorerer (c.1800-1831)

Tarenorerer of Emu Bay in northern Tasmania was an indigenous Australian leader of the Tommeginne people. In her teens, she was abducted by Aborigines of the Port Sorell region and sold to white sealers on the Bass Strait Islands, where they called her Walyer.

She became proficient in speaking English and took particular notice of the use and operation of firearms. In 1828, Tarenorerer returned to her country in the north of Tasmania, where she gathered a group of men and women from many bands to initiate warfare against the invading Europeans. Training her warriors in the use of firearms, she ordered them to strike the luta tawin (white men) when they were at their most vulnerable, between the time that their guns were discharged and before they were able to reload.

She also instructed them to kill the Europeans’ sheep and bullocks. G. A. Robinson, who was charged with rounding up the Aborigines, was told by sealers that Tarenorerer would stand on a hill to organize the attack, abuse the settlers and dare them to come and be speared.

[blugiant]

al-Kāhina bint D̲j̲arāwa al-Zanāt

Berber Queen, al-Kāhina bint D̲j̲arāwa al-Zanāt: There is no agreement even on her real name, for al-Kāhina is only a nickname given to her by the Arabs. It is said that she was named Dihya—Ibn K̲h̲aldūn.

Dihya (Algerian Arabic: ديهيا, Berber: Daya Ult Yenfaq Tajrawt, Dihya, or Damya), was a Berber queen, religious and military leader who led indigenous resistance to Arab expansion in Northwest Africa, the region then known as Numidia, known as eastern Algeria today. She was born in the early 7th century and died around the end of the 7th century in modern day Algeria.

Accounts from the 19th century on, claim she was of Jewish religion or that her tribe were Judaized Berbers, though scholars dispute this. According to al-Mālikī she was said to have been accompanied in her travels by what the Arabs called an "idol", possibly an icon of the Virgin or one of the Christian saints.

The idea that the Jrāwa were Judaized comes from the medieval historian Ibn Khaldun, who named them among a number of such tribes. Hirschberg and Talbi note that Ibn Khaldun seems to have been referring to a time before the advent of the late Roman and Byzantine empires, and a little later in the same paragraph seems to say that by Roman times "the tribes" (presumably those he had listed before) had become Christianized.

Ibn Khaldun records many legends about Dihyā. A number of them refer to her long hair or great size, both legendary characteristics of sorcerers. She is also supposed to have had the gift of prophecy and she had three sons, which is characteristic of witches in legends. Even the fact that two were her own and one was adopted (an Arab officer she had captured), was an alleged trait of sorcerers in tales.

Another legend claims that in her youth, she had supposedly freed her people from a tyrant by agreeing to marry him and then murdering him on their wedding night. Virtually nothing else of her personal life is known.

Dihyā succeeded Kusaila as the war leader of the Berber tribes in the 680s and opposed the encroaching Arab armies of the Umayyad Dynasty. Hasan ibn al-Nu'man marched from Egypt and captured the major Byzantine city of Carthage and other cities (see Umayyad conquest of North Africa ). Searching for another enemy to defeat, he was told that the most powerful monarch in North Africa was "the queen of the Berbers" (Arabic: malikat al-barbar) Dihyā, and accordingly marched into Numidia.

The armies met near Meskiana in the present-day province of Oum el-Bouaghi, Algeria. She defeated Hasan so soundly that he fled Ifriqiya and holed up in Cyrenaica (Libya) for four or five years. Realizing that the enemy was too powerful and bound to return, she was said to have embarked on a scorched earth campaign, which had little impact on the mountain and desert tribes, but lost her the crucial support of the sedentary oasis-dwellers.

Supposedly, she had a passion for ornithology that shaped science and learning in the early Middle East. Today, many look up to her for her great findings and independence.

[jah_yout]

month

February 27th.....

one day left for this thread

[blugiant]

Jean-Jacques Dessalines


Reviled for his brutality yet honored as one of the founding fathers of Haiti, Jean-Jacques Dessalines was second in command under Toussaint L’Overture during the Haitian Revolution and was the general who emerged after L’Overture’s capture to lead the insurgents in declaring Haitian independence on January 1, 1804.

Like L’Overture, Dessalines was born into slavery in the French colony of Saint Dominque. Born to Congolese parents, Dessalines was originally given the name Duclos, after the plantation’s owner. He later adopted the surname Dessalines after the free black landowner who purchased him and from whom he escaped. Unlike L’Overture, Dessalines was treated harshly as a slave and violence became a way of life that marked him throughout his military and brief political career contributing both to his success on the battlefield and to his eventual downfall.

Unable to read or write, Dessalines was nonetheless a quick study under L’Overture earning the nickname “the Tiger” for his fury in battle. In 1794 Dessalines’s military skill and leadership was vital to L’Overture’s success in capturing the Spanish-controlled eastern half of the island, and in return, L’Overture made him governor of the south.

For a brief period of time after L’Overture’s capture in 1802 Dessalines appeared to be siding with the French, but the move was nothing more than a ruse designed to trick the French into trusting Dessalines so that he could regroup the insurgents and continue the fight for independence. It was successful. When Dessalines proclaimed Saint Dominque’s independence, he chose the name Haiti for his country, the name used by the island’s aboriginal inhabitants.

Independence, however, did not bring peace, and from January 1804 until his death two years later, Dessalines “governed with terror.” Like L’Overture, Dessalines had himself appointed governor “for life.” He later changed his title to emperor—emulating Napoleon—and crowning his wife, Claire-Heureuse, empress. Fearing a French resurgence and the reinstatement of slavery that would accompany it, he ordered the massacre of approximately 5,000 of the island’s white men, women, and children declaring “I have saved my country. I have avenged America.” It was a move that two of Dessalines most influential generals, Alexandre Pétion and Henri Christophe, could not countenance and one that spoke to the growing political instability of the new government.

On August 17, 1806 Dessalines met a violent death at the hands of his own lieutenants when he was ambushed; his body dragged through the streets before it was dismembered. The example of the Haitian Revolution and leaders such as L’Overture and Dessalines has become both an inspiration and a warning about the “possibilities and dangers of revolution.”

[blugiant]

February 27th.....

one day left for this thread

den mii aggoo mekk dem archive diss tredd cah diss tredd biggar dan juss wan month

soo dread yuh aggoo tell mii dat yuh nah go encourage yuths fe read ann learn cah diss tredd iss wan aff de best wan mii eva doo pon yah

oww cum yuh neva putt annee rasta inna itt

[kia027]

den mii aggoo mekk dem archive diss tredd cah diss tredd biggar dan juss wan month

soo dread yuh aggoo tell mii dat yuh nah go encourage yuths fe read ann learn cah diss tredd iss wan aff de best wan mii eva doo pon yah

oww cum yuh neva putt annee rasta inna itt

do you want the thread stickied here for continuous input during the year?

[Blackstar*]

[Blackstar*]

do you want the thread stickied here for continuous input during the year?

I would definitely continue to participate.

[blugiant]

do you want the thread stickied here for continuous input during the year?

thank kia

[blugiant]

ANNIE MALONE (da furst known blakk ooman millionaire)


Who Was Madam C.J. Walker's Role Model?

Who Created the Hot Comb? Annie Malone or Madam Walker? lot aff blakk head got bunn

The answer is neither. It is reported that in 1872 a hairdresser named Marcel Grateau used a pressing comb on his clientele in Paris, who were trying to emulate the straight style of ancient Egyptian hair, but it’s not really known exactly who invented the device. Annie Malone was the first to patent a hot comb. Madame CJ Walker improved upon the comb by widening the teeth for use on black hair.


ANNIE TURNBO MALONE
African-American Educator, Entrepreneur & Inventor

In the 1920s, 30s and 40s, with the new freedom came business and financial
success for many women in Missouri. One of the nation's wealthiest African
Americans was Annie Malone, founder and owner of Poro College (watch video below),
a cosmetics firm (view products below) which started in St. Louis and later occupied
an entire city block in Chicago. You are about to meet a remarkable woman...

Annie was one of the first in Missouri to own a Rolls Royce

Annie's philanthropy was legendary

Madam C.J. Walker was trained by Annie to be a "Poro Agent"


Annie Malone: A Generous Entrepreneur


You have heard of Oprah Winfrey? Sure, who hasn't? How about Madam C.J. Walker? No brainer. I can see heads nodding up and down all over the place.

How about Annie Malone? Blank stares. Silence. Crickets chirping. Never heard of her...

Yet, before Madam Walker, Rosa Parks, Mary McLeod Bethune, Oprah Winfrey or Cathy Hughes there was Annie Turnbo Malone (aka Annie Minerva Turnbo Pope Malone and Annie Minerva Turnbo Malone), a remarkable woman who made her mark during the early 20th century.



Madam C.J. Walker products
Freeman Institute Black History Collection

Malone is recorded as the U.S.’s first black female millionaire based on reports of $14 million in assets held in 1920 from her beauty and cosmetic enterprises, headquartered in St. Louis and Chicago.

Annie Minerva Turnbo Malone (August 9, 1869—May 10, 1957) was an African-American businesswoman, educator, inventor and philanthropist. Annie was two years younger than Madam C. J. Walker. She had launched her hair care business four years before Sarah Breedlove (later known as Madam C. J. Walker). in the early 1900s Madam Walker worked as a "Poro Agent" for Annie.

In the first three decades of the 20th century, she founded and developed a large and prominent commercial and educational enterprise centered around cosmetics for African-American women.

Annie was born in Metropolis, Illinois to former slaves. She was the tenth of eleven children born to Robert Turnbo, a poor farmer, and Isabella Cook Turnbo. Because her parents died when she was young, Annie was raised by her older sister in nearby Peoria, Illinois. She was a sickly child and missed a lot of school which resulted her in having to withdraw before completing high school.

While she was coming of age, the popular style among Black women was that of a “straight hair” look. Black women were starting to turn their backs on the braided cornrow styles they’d associated with the fields of slavery and began to embrace a look which, for them meant, freedom and progression toward equality in America.

While in Peoria, Malone took an early interest in hair textures. In the 1890s -- being a lover of styling hair -- Annie began to envision a way of straightening hair without having to use the methods of old which included using soap, goose fat, heavy oils, butter and bacon grease or the carding combs of sheep. She’d also witnessed method of hair straightening which employed lye sometimes mixed with potatoes, but was turned off by the procedure because it often resulted in damaged scalps and broken hair follicles.

Coupled with the influence of her aunt who was an herbal doctor and her knowledge of Chemistry, Annie Turnbo developed a chemical which could be used to straighten hair without causing damage to the hair or scalp. By the time she was in her late 20′s, Turnbo had developed a straightening solution which would grant her entry into the annuals of hair care history.
By the beginning of the 1900s, Annie Malone began to revolutionize hair care methods for all African Americans. Armed with this revolutionary formula and a product she called “The Great Wonderful Hair Grower,” Annie moved to St. Louis in 1902. She hired some assistants and began selling her products door-to-door. Word of her products and teaching method spread like wild fire and soon her products and her “Poro Method” of styling hair were a success.

"Poro" College

Malone called it Poro, a West African (Mende) male secret or devotional society -- an organization located throughout Liberia and Sierra Leone dedicated to disciplining and enhancing the body spiritually and physically. There were some elements of the term that seem to indicate beauty. Even though it was not in vogue during that era, Annie wanted to connect her "Poro Agents" to their African roots and this was her way of doing that. She and her assistants sold her unique brand of hair care products door to door.

Malone believed that if African American women improved their physical appearance, they would gain greater self-respect and achieve success in other areas of their lives.

By 1902, Malone's business growth led her to St. Louis, Missouri, which at the time held the fourth largest population of African Americans. In St. Louis she copyrighted her Poro brand beauty products. In 1914, in a St. Louis wedding, Malone married the school principal (and former Bible salesman), Aaron Eugene Malone.

By 1917, as United States entered World War I, Annie Malone had become so successful that she founded and opened Poro College in St. Louis.


It was the first educational institution in the United States dedicated to the study and teaching of black cosmetology. The school reportedly graduated about 75,000 agents world-wide, including the Caribbean.

The school employed nearly 200 people. Its curriculum included instructions to train students on personal style to present themselves at work -- walking, talking and style of dress designed to maintain a solid public persona. The Poro College building was later purchased by St. James African Methodist Episcopal (AME) Church and demolished in 1965 to construct The James House.

The Black Philanthropist
By 1926, the college employed 175 people. Franchised outlets in North and South America, Africa, and the Philippines employed some 75,000 women. Malone had become a wealthy woman. he Philadelphia Tribune reported that in 1923 Annie Malone paid the highest income tax of any African American in the country. For instance, her 1924 income tax payment totaled nearly $40,000. However, despite her wealth, Malone lived conservatively and gave away much of her fortune to help other African Americans. She is one of America's first major black philanthropists.

A $25,000 donation from Malone helped build the St. Louis Colored YWCA.

From 1919 to 1943, Malone served as board president of the St. Louis Colored Orphan's Home. During this time she raised most of the orphanage's construction costs. She had donated the first $10,000 to build the orphanage's new building in 1919 (below). With her help, in 1922 it bought a facility at 2612 Annie Malone Drive (formally Goode Ave.) It continues to serve from the historic Ville neighborhood. Upgraded and expanded, the facility was renamed in her honor as the Annie Malone Children and Family Service Center in 1946.

Malone donated large sums to countless charities. During the 1920s, Malone's philanthropy included financing the education of two full-time students in every historically black college and university in the country. Her $25,000 donation to Howard University was among the largest gifts the university had received by a private donor of African descent. She also contributed to the Tuskegee Institute.

Malone was very generous with family and employees. She educated many of her nieces and nephews and bought homes for her brothers and sisters. She awarded employees with lavish gifts for attendance, punctuality, service anniversaries, and as rewards for investing in real estate.

Malone also gave generously of her time in the community. She was president of the Colored Women's Federated Clubs of St. Louis, an executive committee member of the National Negro Business League and the Commission on Interracial Cooperation, an honorary member of Zeta Phi Beta Sorority, a lifelong Republican, and a member of the African Methodist Episcopal Church.

The Chuck Berry Connection

Tens of thousands of women were trained in the Poro System, but there was also a famous male student who was born in St. Louis in 1926. Bruce Pegg states in his book, “Brown Eyed Handsome Man: The Life and Hard Times of Chuck Berry,” that almost every day, as a child growing up on Goode Avenue, Chuck Berry would have walked past the stately columns of the St. Louis Colored Orphan’s Home (see photo above) on the block next to the Berry family home (no longer standing).

Later on Chuck trained as a beautician under the Poro system, graduating in 1952. Aside from the fact that he was following his sisters Thelma and Lucy (who had, by that time, abandoned their music career in favor of the less glamorous but more stable occupation), there was another compelling reason for Berry to consider cosmetology as a career.

By this time, both Annie Malone and Madam C.J. Walker had vividly shown nearly every black community across the country, hairdressing was a vital means to economic independence.

Frederick Douglass, the former slave and abolitionist, had noted the significance of the occupations to blacks when he wrote an editorial in 1853 titled “Learn Trades or Starve," arguing that blacks could gain greater economic independence if they were given the opportunity to perfect useful skills.

One historian stated, “Barbershops, and beauty parlors, were independent businesses with a steady clientele and, as such, were important expressions of black entrepreneurial activity.”

It was, simply, another extension of Booker T. Washington’s philosophy of economic independence, and as such would have been a tremendously attractive occupation to Chuck Berry at the time. But we all know what happened to his music career in 1958 when "Johnny B. Goode" hit the charts.

"Johnny Be Goode" -- Since Chuck Berry lived at 2520 Goode Avenue for the first 5-6 years of his life, he got the word "Goode" from the street in St. Louis (historic Ville neighborhood) where he grew up -- next block over from the Orphan's Home (2612 Goode Street) started by Annie. In 1986 Goode Street was renamed Annie Malone Drive.

The Decline of Annie's Marriage and Business

Malone's generosity raised her stature in the community but also contributed to the financial decline of her business. While she was spending time on civic affairs and distributing her wealth to various organizations, she left the day-to-day affairs of the business in the hands of managers, including her husband. Some of these managers were inexperienced or dishonest, eventually leading to the dismantling of her business empire.

For the six years leading up to 1927, Annie and Aaron Malone became embroiled in a power struggle over control of the Poro business. The struggle was kept quiet until 1927, when Aaron Malone filed for divorce and demanded half the business. He claimed that Poro's success was due to contacts he brought to the company. He courted black leaders and politicians who sided with him in the highly publicized divorce.

Annie Malone's devotion to black women and charitable institutions led Poro workers and church leaders to support her. She also had the support of the press and Mary McLeod Bethune, president of the National Association of Colored Women. Having the support of so powerful a woman helped Annie Malone prevail in the dispute and allowed her to keep her business. She negotiated a settlement of $200,000.

In 1930 and entering her 60s, Malone moved her business to Chicago, where its location became known as the Poro block. Her financial trouble continued when she became the target of lawsuits, including one by a former employee who claimed credit for her success.



Poro Pressing Oil

When the suit was settled in 1937, she was forced to sell the St. Louis property. Malone's business was further crippled by enormous debt to the government for unpaid real estate and excise taxes. (The federal government required a 20 percent tax on luxuries, including hair-care products during the 1920s.)

In 1943, during the middle of World War II, she owed almost $100,000 and was served a lien by the Internal Revenue Service. After fighting the lawsuits for eight years, she lost Poro to the government and other creditors, who by 1951 took control of her business enterprise -- selling off most of the holdings to pay taxes.

She suffered financially from the devastating divorce (her second) and, soon thereafter, by two civil lawsuits, all during the Great Depression. The lawsuits (for liability to an employee and a St. Louis newspaper) partially crippled her ability to conduct business.

ANNIE MALONE'S LEGACY: Credit Where Credit is Due

Malone's business failure tarnished her image. Her former employee, Madame C.J. Walker, often overshadows Malone because Walker's business remained successful and more widely known. Walker is often credited as the originator of the black beauty and cosmetics business and the direct distribution and sales agent system that Malone developed.

Many historians believe Malone deserves more credit for her devotion to helping African Americans gain financial independence and her generous donations to educational, civic, and social causes.

On May 10, 1957, Annie Turnbo Malone (87 years of age) was treated for a stroke at Provident Hospital in Chicago where she died. At the time of her death Poro beauty colleges were in operation in more than thirty U.S. cities.

HER LEGACY STILL LIVES ON: St. Louis honors her memory with the Annie Malone Children and Family Service Center whose mission is "is to improve the quality of life for children, families, elderly and the community by providing social services, educational programs, advocacy and entrepreneurship."

http://www.freemaninstitute.com/poro.htm

[jah_yout]

den mii aggoo mekk dem archive diss tredd cah diss tredd biggar dan juss wan month

i thought that was my whole point

soo dread yuh aggoo tell mii dat yuh nah go encourage yuths fe read ann learn cah diss tredd iss wan aff de best wan mii eva doo pon yah

i encourage youth and youth to read and learn all year...
not only when gerald ford and some mental-captives tell me to

oww cum yuh neva putt annee rasta inna itt

caw mi bun out "black history month" straight...
"i have no white god...don't teach me anything wrong..."

[blugiant]

i thought that was my whole point



i encourage youth and youth to read and learn all year...
not only when gerald ford and some mental-captives tell me to



caw mi bun out "black history month" straight...
"i have no white god...don't teach me anything wrong..."

dat was carter g woodson pint

dat blakk histaree was natt being taught ann da onlee type aff blakk histaree being taught inn da school dehumanized blakks. da idea was negro histaree week wood increase the amount aff blakk histaree being taught. itt a shame dat even now blakk histaree ave natt move beyond a month. da deeper issues iss blakk peeps still lack da power and enuff concious institutions to educate ann build blakk self esteem by teachinn blakk histaree

itt was natt gerald ford itt was blakk behind imm pushinn for teachinn more blakk histaree

yuh argument against blakk histaree month was similar to da argument oyinbo ann sellout blakk used to appossed teaching blakk histaree fram da begininn

[jah_yout]

dat was carter g woodson pint

dat blakk histaree was natt being taught ann da onlee type aff blakk histaree being taught inn da school dehumanized blakks. da idea was negro histaree week wood increase the amount aff blakk histaree being taught. itt a shame dat even now blakk histaree ave natt move beyond a month. da deeper issues iss blakk peeps still lack da power and enuff concious institutions to educate ann build blakk self esteem by teachinn blakk histaree

itt was natt gerald ford itt was blakk behind imm pushinn for teachinn more blakk histaree

yuh argument against blakk histaree month was similar to da argument oyinbo ann sellout blakk used to appossed teaching blakk histaree fram da begininn

life is all about evolution...
when carter g woodson proposed "knee-grow history week" in 1925 i think he would be appalled that we are still using the same concept in 2014--- almost 100 years later...
where is the progress?
almost 100 years of taking a week or a month to talk about "negro history" or "black history"...when the "white" power structure celebrates the hand-picked figures they approved as acceptable for honor--- every february;
this is preposterous...a free-minded people does not allow their enemy to set the parameters of their education...
i guarantee china would not be a world power if they had something called "yellow history month"...

[blugiant]

7 Of the Most Ruthless European Colonialists


When we think of the evil atrocities that have been committed against humanity, one person is frequently called the most evil to ever live, Hitler. But why is his name the only one synonymous with evil? When you kill more than 10 million Africans or Native Americans why are you not symbolized as evil?

Europe has a long history of colonialism, imperialism, slavery and genocide and Hitler wasn’t alone with his vile acts against humanity.

Here is a list of European Colonialists other than Hitler, who have managed to exterminate groups of people, all for the sake of land, greed and wealth:

[blugiant]

7 Of the Most Ruthless European Colonialists


King Leopold II of Belgium

Leopold of Belgium amassed a huge personal fortune by exploiting the Congo, initially by the harvesting of ivory and rubber by the Congolese people. One of his most heinous acts was in forcing villages to meet quotas on ivory collection; if the villagers didn’t meet their numbers, their hands were cut off.

His regime was responsible for the effective enslavement of the native population, beatings, widespread killing and frequent mutilations that led to the deaths of an estimated 15 million Congolese.

This became one of the most infamous international scandals of the early 20th century.

http://d39ya49a1fwv14.cloudfront.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/Leopold-II-of-Belgum-.jpg