black historee month

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sellout ar natt ?


Among the greatest scholars in American history stands Dr. W.E.B. DuBois. A towering figure, a brilliant scholar and a prolific writer, and Pan-Africanist. In 1890 he graduated cum laude from Harvard University and attended the University of Berlin in 1892. In 1896 DuBois became the first African-American to receive a Ph.D. from Harvard University. After teaching at Wilberforce University in Ohio and the University of Pennsylvania, he went on to establish the first department of sociology in the United States at Atlanta University.

Du Bois rose to national prominence when he opposed Booker T. Washington's Atlanta compromise, an agreement in which Southern blacks would work meekly and submit to white political rule, while Southern whites guaranteed that blacks would receive basic education and due process in law.

Du Bois insisted on civil rights and increased political representation, which he felt would be brought about by the African-American intellectual elite – the Talented Tenth. He also later clashed with Garvey in what could only be described as lest about ideology and more about natural competition and ego. Both Garvey and Du Bois unfortunately engaged in incivilities towards each other. Du Bois praised certain concepts such as "Africa for the African" but added the caveat that it should not be run by African-Americans.

Dr. Du Bois was the author of scores of significant books, including three major autobiographies. Among his most important works were The Philadelphia Negro in 1896, Souls of Black Folk in 1903, John Brown in 1909, Black Reconstruction in 1935, and Black Folk, Then and Now in 1939. His book, The Negro (first published in 1915), significantly influenced the lives of such pioneer Africanist scholars as Drusilla Dunjee Houston and William Leo Hansberry. In 1940 DuBois founded Phylon--a magazine published out of Atlanta University. Dr. Du Bois also authored The World and Africa: An Inquiry Into the Part that Africa has Played in World History, a very important work first published in 1946. In 1945 he played a major role at the historic Fifth Pan-African Conference held in Manchester, England. In addition to his literary activities and profound scholarship, at one time or another during the course of his long life, Du Bois could be characterized politically as an integrationist, Pan-Africanist, Socialist and Communist. He was a founding member of both the Niagara Movement and the NAACP, and editor of the Crisis--the NAACP literary organ. In 1961, during the twilight of his life, DuBois was honored by an invitation from President Kwame Nkrumah of Ghana to head a secretariat for an Encyclopedia Africana. Dr. W.E.B. Du Bois died in Accra, Ghana August 27, 1963 as a Ghanaian citizen.

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Queen Hatshepsut (1500B.C.)


About 1500 years before the birth of Christ, one finds the beginning of Hatshepsut's reign as one of the brightest in Egyptian history, proving that a woman can be a strong and effective ruler. She was according to Egyptologist, James Henry Breasted, "The first great woman in history of whom we are informed."

Her father, Thothmes I, was highly impressed with the efficiency of his daughter, and appointed her manager, and co-ruler of his kingdom. Before the King died, he married Hatshepsut to her half-brother, Thothmes II. His reign lasted only thirteen years. After his death, Hatshepsut was to rule only in the name of Thothmes III, until he was old enough to rule alone. Hatshepsut was not satisfied to rule in the name of Thothmes III.

Hatshepsut dressed herself in the most sacred of the Pharaoh's clothing, mounted the throne, and proclaimed herself Pharaoh of Egypt. She ruled Egypt for twenty-one years. She also moved to strengthen the position of Egypt within Africa by making peace with the peoples of Kush (or Nubia) and sending missions to the nations along the East African coast, as far south as Punt (present day Somalia). One of Hatshepsut's crowning achievements was dispatching a mission to a kingdom in Asia (now India).

Hatshepsut died suddenly and mysteriously. Some historians say that Thothmes III, had her murdered. After her death, Thothmes III, tried unsuccessfully to destroy all memory of Hatshepsut in Egypt. Her temple still remains in the Valley of the Kings, once the ancient city of Thebes, known today as Deir el Bahri, and Hatshepsut comes down to us as one of the most outstanding women of all time.

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Hannibal of Carthage (247-183 B.C.)


Hannibal is said to be the greatest military leader and strategist of all time. Hannibal was born in 247 B.C., when Carthage, then the maritime power, was beginning to decline. The Carthaginians civilisation was a mix of African and Phoenicians, who were great merchants. They traded with India and the people of the Mediterranean, and the Scilly Isles.

When very young, Hannibal accompanied Hamilclar, his father in a battle with the Romans. Seventeen years later, he succeeded his father and became supreme commander of the peninsula.

Hannibal had 80,000 infantry, 12,000 cavalry, and 40 African war elephants. He conquered major portions of Spain and France, and all of Italy, except for Rome.

Hannibal marched his army and war elephants through the Alps to surprise and conquer his enemies. In one battle, the Romans put 80,000 men on the field to defeat Hannibal, led by Scipio. When Scipio attacked with his entire army, Hannibal had so studied the grounds and arranged his men so that they surrounded the Romans. He then turned his armored war elephants loose and trampled them. Behind them, he sent his African swordsmen to complete the slaughter.

In another battle, Rome sent 90,000 men led by Varro and Emilius. With only 50,000 men, knowing he could not win by using his main force, Hannibal placed the weakest part of his army in the center, contrary to the best military rules. With his veterans and cavalry on both wings, the Romans struck them in full center as Hannibal had anticipated. When they were sure of victory by overcoming the center, Hannibal's flank closed in and killed 70,000 men, 80 senators and Emilius.

Hannibal later went on to become a statesman of Carthage, and later took his own life, rather than surrender to Rome.

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King Mutato (1440)

In 1440, the empire of Monomotapa was under the leadership of the fierce and awesome King Mutato, or "Mutato the Great." His vast empire had been developed by Vakarang immigrants who were invaders. The Monomotapa Empire covered what is known today as Rhodesia, Kalahara, Mozambique, and into Transvaal in South Africa.

King Mutato established effective political rule, and promoted economic development and prosperity. The Monomotapa used iron technology and allied crafts, long before the Christian era. With over 4000 active mines, and gold being the leading export commodity, iron work was still highly regarded. The drive for excellence in everything produced was reflected in the artistic work throughout the empire.

The building of the temples and beautiful stone structures, rivaled the construction associated with the great pyramids in Egypt. The Monomotapa were great stonemasons and architects. According to records in stone, a highly developed civilization existed in South Africa, at the same time of the great Egyptian and Ethiopian era, in the North.

King Mutato mastered a plan to unite the Africans throughout the entire Monomotapa Empire. Their enemies knew that if they could keep the Africans fighting amongst themselves, they would be a divided people, lacking in power, and the enemy would have access to their wealth.

Mutato moved quickly to recruit, develop, and train armies, under the supervision of capable generals. Additional strategic leadership by Matope, Mutato's son, who came into power after Mutato's death, strengthened and unified Monomotapa. However, after Matope's death, Monomotapa swiftly declined, and the empire began to break up.

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Kwame Nkrumah (1941)


Kwame Nkrumah became the first prime and later president of Ghana. He is an icon of Pan-Africanism and anti-colonialism in Africa. He was born on September 21, 1909, at Nkroful in what was then the British-ruled Gold Coast, the son of a goldsmith. Trained as a teacher, he went to the United States in 1935 for advanced studies and continued his schooling in England, where he helped organize the Pan-African Congress in 1945. He returned to Ghana in 1947 and became general secretary of the newly founded United Gold Coast Convention but split from it in 1949 to form the Convention People's party (CPP).

After his 'positive action' campaign created disturbances in 1950, Nkrumah was jailed, but when the CPP swept the 1951 elections, he was freed to form a government, and he led the colony to independence as Ghana in 1957. A firm believer in African liberation, Nkrumah pursued a radical pan-African policy, playing a key role in the formation of the Organization of African Unity in 1963. As head of government, he was less successful however, and as time passed he was accused of forming a dictatorship. In 1964 he formed a one-party state, with himself as president for life, and was accused of actively promoting a cult of his own personality. Overthrown by the military in 1966, with the help of western backing, he spent his last years in exile, dying in Bucharest, Romania, on April 27, 1972. His legacy and dream of a "United States of African" still remains a goal among many.

Nkrumah was the motivating force behind the movement for independence of Ghana, then British West Africa, and its first president when it became independent in 1957. His numerous writings address Africa's political destiny.

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Shaka "Zulu King and Warrior" (1786-1828)


Shaka was born in 1786, the son of Senzangakona, Zulu Chief and his mother Nandi. Shaka predates the Zulu nation we see today, he is called today Shaka Zulu posthumous. Shaka's parents were blood relatives which was a crime, punishable by death. However, Chaka's father was not killed because he was a Chief.

As a young boy, Chaka was a very difficult child. On many occasions, he had confrontations with people in his village. He was also the victim of terrible cruelties. One time, hot porridge was poured on his hands, and burning hot meat forced down his throat. Those who inflicted evil on Chaka would live to regret it.

When Chaka was twenty-six, his father died and left the throne to a son, Sijuana. Chaka ambushed and killed Sijuana, taking leadership of the Zulus. He came to power around 1820. Chaka revolutionized military tactics. He chose the most superior and graceful soldiers. Chaka was the first to group regiments by age, and to train his men to use modern weapons and special tactics. He developed a short stabbing spear. He marched his regiments in tight formation using large shields to fend off the enemy. Chaka's troops were feared by enemies, they would flee at the sight of them. Chaka caused over two million people to die. Chaka's motto was "Death or Victory."

Shaka built the Zulu people into a powerful nation (Mfecane) of more than one million, and united all peoples in South Africa against colonial. Mfecane means "Crushing", it was a social-political revolution which started in the North and spread as far as modern Tanzania. It destroyed many homelands and made slavery and colonialism easier for the encroaching Whites. He has been called a military genius for his reforms and innovations, and condemned for the brutality of his reign.

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Yakub Al-Mansur (1149-1199)
Yakub Ibn Yusuk, better known as Al-Mansur, was the most powerful of the Moorish rulers who dominated Spain for five hundred years. His surname, Al-Mansur, means "The Invincible." He defeated all of his enemies, never having lost a battle.

Al-Mansur's father was African and Arab, but his mother was a pure African slave, believed to have been from Timbuctoo or Senegal.

Al-Mansur, came to the throne after his father was killed in Portugal in 1184. He promised revenge for his father's death, but fighting with the Almohads, who were ousted from the throne, delayed him in Africa. After defeating the Almohads again, he sent out for Spain to avenge his father's death. Landing in Spain, defeating and capturing all major cities, Al-Mansur, returned to Africa with three thousand Christian captives, young women and children.

When the Christians in Spain, most of whom were white, and of German descent, heard of Al-Mansur's absence to Africa, revolted, capturing many of the Moorish cities, including Silves, Vera, and Beja. When Al-Mansur heard this news, he returned to Spain, and defeated the Christians again. This time, many were taken in chained groups of fifty each, and later sold in Africa as slaves.

Again, while Al-Mansur was away in Africa, the Christians mounted the largest army of that time period of over 300,000 men to defeat Al- Mansur. Immediately upon hearing this, Mansur returned to Spain and defeated Alphonso's army, killing 150,000, taking money, valuables and other goods beyond calculation.

In addition to being one of the greatest military leaders in history. Al-Mansur was a lover of the arts. His reign is responsible for the building of the famous Mosque at Granada and Cordova, which still stands today.

[Wahalla]

partii


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'Just 55 British officers and men ¿ all mounted ¿ escaped from Isandlwana, while more than 1,300 perished'

Some of the shrinking clusters of British soldiers died very bravely, fighting to the last, while others fled for their lives; in vain, for no man wearing uniform and boots could outpace a running Zulu, and even horsemen struggled to do so.

Several groups of redcoats found themselves forced up against the standing tents, where enemies scrambled behind and stabbed them through the canvas until its white turned scarlet.

To add an infernal touch to the scene, early in the afternoon a solar eclipse plunged the battlefield into half-darkness.

One of the largest painted cairns today stands on the shoulder of the hill behind the camp, where a dwindling band of soldiers sustained volley fire until their ammunition was exhausted.

Their officer, Captain Younghusband, then drew his sword and led them in a suicidal bayonet charge which ended with every man engulfed in stabbing Zulus.

Most of the black soldiers who escaped were cut down by Zulus, who chased them to the flooded Buffalo river, five miles from Isandlwana where, unable to swim, they became easy prey.

'Here was one of the most humiliating disasters ever to fall upon a British colonial army.'

When some begged for their lives, a Zulu warrior cried: ‘How can we give you mercy when you have come to take away our country and eat us up? Usuthu!’

A breathless white bandsman on foot pleaded with interpreter Jim Brickhill for a lift on his pony. Brickhill answered: ‘My dear fellow, it is a case of life and death with me,’ before leaving the bandsman to his fate.

Just 55 British officers and men — all mounted — escaped from Isandlwana, while more than 1,300 perished, including 52 officers.

Late that night, Lord Chelmsford led his column back to the camp, where they were stunned by what they found.

Every redcoat had been eviscerated — not, as the British supposed, as an act of savagery, but to fulfil the Zulus’ belief that they thus released his spirit.

Some of Cetewayo’s men had taken gruesome souvenirs, such as men’s jawbones with beards attached.

The British recoiled at the spectacle of a bandboy, a mere child, suspended upside down from the tail of an ox cart, his throat cut.


The camp had been comprehensively looted, providing the Zulus with 1,000 rifles and 250,000 rounds of ammunition.

Here was one of the most humiliating disasters ever to fall upon a British colonial army.

King Cetewayo had hoped that if he inflicted a defeat on the invaders, it might make them ready to seek peace.

Instead, of course, in the usual Victorian fashion it rendered the British government — which had not wanted a war in Zululand — now irretrievably committed to restoring its prestige and abasing these upstart savages.


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'"Usuthu!" each warrior cried as he "washed his spear", a cry familiar to anyone who remembers the movie'

Lord Chelmsford should — and would — have been sacked for his deplorable bungling.

To the dismay of the government of Benjamin Disraeli, however, Queen Victoria promptly dispatched and published a telegram, asserting her full confidence in ‘her’ general.

Thus it was Chelmsford, six months later, who led the huge British force which deployed outside Ulundi and inflicted final defeat on the Zulu army.

Cetewayo was dispatched into exile and his kingdom absorbed into the British Empire.

And so back to 2014.

On the field of Isandlwana, I asked a white ‘Dundee Diehard’ whether his group has ever recreated the battle of Rorke’s Drift.

This was, of course, a British triumph that took place a few hours after the disaster in Zululand, and for which the British government dished out 11 Victoria Crosses, to make everybody feel better about Isandlwana.

‘Yes’, said my red-coated acquaintance, ‘but when we staged it at Rorke’s Drift the locals didn’t like it, so now we do it in Dundee.’

The Zulus now rule Kwazulu-Natal. Thus it is no surprise that they celebrate the memory of Isandlwana, one of the great military achievements of their race.

It is a reflection of our historic respect for the Zulu warrior that nobody British — except maybe a few descendants of Lord Chelmsford — has ever borne them ill-will for that faraway day when they made mincemeat of so many redcoats.

‘Usuthu!’, as I said companionably to a Zulu neighbour at the really rather charming re-enactment party.


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[Wahalla]

At the little house
where Stood I ?
when the Assegai
beat Martin Henry.... My tribute to this washing of spears....

The day I saw the British army being butchered by Zulus: It's the shaming defeat Britain tried to hide. MAX HASTINGS saw it being relived...

• In 1879, the British invaded Zululand lead by Lord Chelmsford
• At the battle of Isandlwana 1,500 British fought 25,000 Zulus
• The red coats were defeated, with just 55 men escaping
• It was the most humiliating defeat ever inflicted on the army, and commanders diverted attention to the Battle of Rourke's Drift
• There 150 British held off 4,000 Zulus for half a day and night
  

PUBLISHED: 22:59, 13 February 2014 | UPDATED: 22:59, 13 February 2014
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Amid a wide green African plain overlooked by hills on two sides, a throng of half-naked Zulus brandished aloft shields and sharp-pointed assegais, and sprang forth bellowing their war cries.

Before them, a little knot of red-coated figures presented their rifles, loosed a volley and prepared to sell their lives dearly.

This dramatic scene was unfolding at Isandlwana, deep in South Africa’s Zululand. Here, on January 22, 1879, was fought one of the most remarkable battles in British imperial history.


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The Battle of Isandlwana, in which 1,500 British troops were defeated by 25,000 Zulus, was recreated in the 1979 film Zulu Dawn (pictured)

And here, 135 years later, hundreds of local enthusiasts have just staged a re-enactment before an audience of thousands.

A stage and big tents had been erected around an arena. The Zulus’ current king turned out to watch the show, together with a bevy of other dignitaries and politicians.

Scores of buses had brought spectators to this remote place, to join many more who had walked there, some of them for miles across the bush.

A little cluster of whites, representing the British soldiers who fought at Isandlwana, looked hot and uncomfortable in their heavy red serge tunics and white cork helmets.

They came from a re-enactment group based in the local town of Dundee, and call themselves ‘the Dundee Diehards’.

One of them was an 18-year-old girl called Nicole, who had only been a member since last November.

‘This is the first time I’ve died,’ she told me cheerfully, as she shouldered her rifle and marched into the arena.

There, amid a roar of applause from the crowd, the Zulu impi — that bristling body of men — closed on the thin red line.

This balmy summer’s day entertainment beside one of the most beautiful battlefields on Earth offered a vivid illustration of how different people view history in entirely different ways; of how one man’s cause for mourning is another’s food for celebration.

How many red-blooded British people (men, anyway) have not at some time thrilled to that enchanting movie epic Zulu?

The name of Rorke’s Drift, where 150 men of the 24th Foot, led on celluloid by Stanley Baker and Michael Caine, fought off 4,000 Zulus for half a day and a night (recalling the action on January 22nd/23rd 1879), is engraved on many patriotic hearts.

part ii

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In the wake of the defeat the British army popularised the story of the Battle of Rorke's Drift, which happened just a few hours later and ten miles away, in which 150 British held off 4,000 Zulus for half a day and night

Far fewer, though, know the name of Isandlwana, a battle fought on the same day, just ten miles eastwards — on a much bigger scale, and with a very different outcome.

If we revisit the real-life story, it becomes plain why, in 2014, the government of modern Kwazulu was happy to spend several million rand last Saturday to commemorate one of the great days in its people’s experience.

The Zulu war was a foolish affair, even by the usual standard of imperial adventures.

As the British tightened their grip on the South African colonies of Natal and Cape Province, they were much bothered by the presence next door of the highly militarised independent kingdom of Zululand, even though the Zulus and their king, Cetewayo, had never raised a spear against his neighbours.

In December 1878, the colonial government issued a summary ultimatum to Cetewayo to disband his army.


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Knowing that he would refuse, the British collected their own forces on the frontiers of Zululand, and on January 11, 1879, invaded Cetewayo’s kingdom in five columns of horse, foot and guns, each accompanied by a huge wagon train.

They were commanded by Lord Chelmsford, a booby who regarded the Zulus with contempt, and was chiefly fearful that he would have to chase them for weeks to bring them to battle.

One of his soldiers wrote home: ‘I suppose we will give the natives a dreadful thrashing.’

Another said: ‘Although large and powerful, they have not the pluck and martial spirit of Englishmen.’

Both correspondents discovered their error . . . at the same moment as their graves.

A week after the invasion started, Chelmsford and his central column pitched camp at Isandlwana, beneath a towering 500ft rock, in the shape of which some soldiers of the 24th Foot saw a likeness to their own sphinx cap badge.

A good omen, or bad? The general was untroubled.

When he heard some officers protest that the huge array of tents and wagons was overlooked from the heights and lacked entrenchments, he said dismissively: ‘My troops will do all the attacking.’


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Zulu warriors are fast, fierce, and well-disciplined, not the type of force the British were expecting to face

Early on the morning of January 22, having received reports of Zulus to the south-east, Chelmsford led forth half his force in pursuit, leaving his base camp with 1,600 men — of whom half were fighting soldiers — in the hands of Colonel Henry Pulleine.

Reports soon began to reach the colonel of enemies nearby.

At 8.05am, he wrote a note reporting ‘Zulus advancing in force on left front of camp’, which a dispatch rider delivered to Chelmsford — who was by now 12 miles away — at 9.30am.

The general took no notice, and ordered a meal break. One of his staff wrote: ‘I shall never forget the sight of that peaceful picnic.’

The first intimation of the magnitude of the menace to Pulleine’s command came from a young officer named Charlie Raw.

'Colonel Pulleine, who had never before commanded men in battle, made a series of disastrous mistakes.'

He was leading a mounted patrol six miles northwards, cantering to catch some cattle he saw being herded in the distance, when he breasted a ridge to meet an awesome spectacle.

Below, squatting in silence on their shields, were arrayed thousands upon thousands of Zulus in regimental order.

Raw and his men fired a few shots, then fled to carry news to the camp. Even now, British conceit remained unpricked.

One officer, Henry Curling, wrote: ‘We congratulated ourselves on the chance of our being attacked, and hoped that our small numbers might induce the Zulus to come on.’


With their breech-loading Martini-Henry rifles, field guns and even a rocket troop (a unit equipped with primitive rocket launchers), they looked forward to administering familiar medicine to the savages.

The men of the 24th Foot and local troops of the Natal Native Contingent stood to, and awaited the enemy.

Standing on the shoulder of the towering hill behind the camp today, it is easy to imagine every detail of what followed, because the landscape remains as empty as it ever was — save for countless white-painted cairns, each one marking a grave of British soldiers.

Colonel Pulleine, who had never before commanded men in battle, made a series of disastrous mistakes.

First, he failed to order the sea of tents to be struck, to clear the area. More serious, he dispersed his small force, dispatching a company here, a company there, to create a long, thin firing line a mile forward of the tents and camp followers, held by men posted at five-yard intervals.

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'Some of the shrinking clusters of British soldiers died very bravely, fighting to the last, while others fled for their lives'

At the last heart-stopping moment before battle began, on the long, high plateau north of the camp there suddenly appeared a vast black array. The Zulu army, 25,000 strong, filled the skyline.

They were commanded by Chief Ntshingwayo, a veteran of almost 70 who had marched the 55 miles from Cetewayo’s capital at Ulundi as easily as his men, the most fleet-footed soldiers in the world.

He had not intended to fight on January 22, a ‘day of the dead moon’ — that is, preceding a moonless night — which Zulu superstition held unfavourable for any significant activity.

But when Raw’s patrol stumbled on his army, loss of surprise and the eagerness of young warriors to ‘wash their spears’ soon changed Ntshingwayo’s mind.


The Zulus attacked — in their customary formation of the loins and horns of a fighting buffalo, where a main force advances in the centre, while left and right wings sweep around to the sides, in this case with the horns five miles apart but advancing with the precision of guardsmen.

Even at this point, when officers of Lord Chelmsford’s force glimpsed action in the far distance, seeing that the camp’s tents had not been struck, they assumed the best.

One wrote: ‘We watched with the keenest interest, never doubting the result and only cursing our luck that we were out of it.’

But what was taking place at Isandlwana was no sporting contest. For a good while, Pulleine’s riflemen held the enemy at bay in front. But the Zulu right ‘horn’ had raced around behind the camp, cutting off the road to Rorke’s Drift and prompting most of the men of the Natal Native Contingent to take to their heels.

The scattering of Pulleine’s garrison enabled the Zulus to engage them piecemeal.

Once British ammunition began to run short, yard by yard the companies started to fall back towards the camp, losing men as they went, hacked down or shot; the Zulus had more guns and were better marksmen than legend allowed.

‘Usuthu!’ each warrior cried as he ‘washed his spear’, a cry wondrously familiar to anyone who remembers the movie Zulu.

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“Badges of Slavery” and the Thirteenth Amendment ©

Slavery not only has a physical structure but it also has a mental structure. Unfortunately, the mindset of virtually all Blacks extends to the plantation itself and the custodial rights and obligations of the “slavemaster”. We only have, at the very least, a physical definition of slavery. This definition is within Black’s Law Dictionary:

Although the Thirteenth Amendment of the U.S. Constitution fails to mention “badge of slavery”, it is mentioned but not properly and exhaustively defined in Black’s Law Dictionary:

1. Strictly, a legal disability suffered by a slave, such as the inability to vote or to own property. 2. Broadly, any act of racial discrimination –public or private– that Congress can prohibit under the 13th Amendment.

When the Thirteenth Amendment was ratified in 1865, it was the clear intent of Congress to ban all forms of racial discrimination –public and private. There was no need for either the Fourteenth Amendment (state action) or the Fifteenth Amendment (right to vote). Those constitutional amendments have had the effect, if not the intent, of undermining the Thirteenth Amendment.

The “Founding Fathers” saw no need to incorporate a citizenship clause in the U.S. Constitution. At the time, every white man wore a “badge of citizenship”. The doctrines of jus soli and jus sanguinis were of no moment in ascertaining citizenship. White maleness did the trick.

Since citizenship arises out of a political philosophy, the Fourteenth and Fifteenth amendments had to be dismantled before the ink had dried on those documents. For example, the Civil Rights Act of 1866 was unknown in the civil rights law until 1968. It is amazing that this law was hidden in “plain view” for over a century.

In the meantime, the U.S. Supreme Court invalidated the Civil Rights Act of 1875 in the Civil Rights Cases (1883) even though it mentioned that Congress could not only invalidate slavery but also all “badges of slavery”. Hypocritically, the “High Court” chose to narrow the construction of the Thirteenth Amendment. This construction limited its enforcement.

This was a signal to “civil rights” lawyers that they should only rely on the Fourteenth Amendment and the Fifteenth Amendment to end Jim Crow. Civil rights lawyers have been engaged in judicial “ping pong” since 1883. The Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals told civil rights lawyers in Cato v. United States that they should consider employing the Thirteenth Amendment, for example, to secure reparations.

Through my questioning of law enforcement agents from the New York Police Department about the unlawful and unsolicited seizure of some “members” of the “Central Park 7″, these agents admitted that they employed the prohibition against an unlawful assembly to seize these youth. These “stop, frisk, question and arrest” arose out of the state’s slave code.

They simply observed at least three Black and Latino youth peacefully assembled outside the park. These arrests were illegal ab initio. Justice Thomas Galligan refused to enforce the Thirteenth Amendment because the arrests were based on “badges of slavery”.

In the Marla Hanson complaint, Marla Hanson had been slashed in the face and a white person later observed two Black males running through Hell’s Kitchen. He called “911” to report two Black males simply running through his neighborhood. This was a crime in his “book”. Members of the NYPD would later seize those males without probable cause. It was also a crime in the NYPD “handbook”.

When Hanson returned to a local bar with a slashed and bloody face, she told the bartender that “white” Steve had slashed her without referring to his race. The bartender knew “white” Steve. The police would later determine that “Black” Steve knew “white” Steve but not the bartender.

Hanson would later accuse “Black” Steve of slashing her face. “White” Steve was only “guilty” of solicitation. “Black” Steve wore a “badge of slavery”. Black” Steve would not only do hard labor in New York’s prison system but he would also die in prison. No Negro had a right to slash the face of a white woman.

John White is a homeowner in Suffolk County, NY. Late at night in August 2006, a white mob threatened to rape his wife and kill his son. White killed one of the white trespassers. The police arrested White and, afterwards, he was prosecuted and convicted of manslaughter and wrongfully sent to prison.

An intermediate appellate court ruled that White had an obligation to dial “911” and wait for the police. This jury instruction was wrong. White had failed to dial 911 or to wait for the police. It is forbidden for a Black person to use any semblance of force against a white person. There is no right of self-defense in New York in favor of a Black person and against a white person. This is a “badge of slavery”. The conviction was affirmed.

New York has two sets of books and it operates a dual system of justice. Like Florida, New York has a “Stand Your Ground” law which only favors whites. It is silent but deadly for Blacks. Moreover, no prosecutor is going to indict a white person for homicide if he or she harbors any fear of a Black person.

On February 2, 2012, P.O. Richard haste followed Ramarley Graham into his home. Haste observed no weapon and he lacked a warrant of any kind. No weapon was found in the home. Under New York law, this is second-degree murder. A Bronx grand jury only indicted Haste for manslaughter.

A “justice” in the Bronx County Supreme Court dismissed the indictment on May 15, 2013 on allegedly, flawed, grand jury instructions. The “justice” believed that the grand jury should have considered any information that those police officers may have transmitted to Haste. When Haste trespassed into Graham’s home, warrantless, he observed no gun. Haste had made a mistake which is no defense under the law.

This mistake did not justify Haste taking Graham’s life, however. Although Graham may not have been in possession of a gun, he was wearing a” badge of slavery”. This “badge of slavery” was sufficient for a white cop, acting under state law, to take the life of any Black person.

A police officer fatally shot a Black policeman, Omar Edwards, in the back with impunity in Harlem. He was also wearing a “badge of slavery”. This prompted the NYPD and the local district attorney’s office to engage in a cover-up. This required the local district attorney’s office to engage in a cover-up.

There is no relevant statute of limitations in New York. An independent, political party and not a “civil rights” organization is needed to address “badges of slavery”. The governor can appoint a special prosecutor. He can ignore a civil rights organization but he must consider the petition of a political party.

O.J. Simpson is like Audie Murphy. Both were given a chest full of badges. Murphy earned his badges during World War Two. Simpson acquired his badges under the laws of intestate succession. Murphy wore badges of honor. Simpson wears “badges of slavery” but he suffers from hallucinations.

Now, he is looking at the world from behind bars. At his self-help trial, the defense lawyer failed to enter a plea of insanity. This constitutes ineffective assistance of counsel which violates the Sixth Amendment of the U.S. Constitution. Simpson should be headed home soon. I hope that he has learned a valuable lesson about the “badges of slavery”.

Tawana Brawley is the victim of “involuntary servitude” in violation of the Thirteenth Amendment of the U.S. Constitution because judicial officers, acting under color of law, filed false instruments against her in both New York and Virginia. White supremacy must win at all costs.

The filing of a false instrument in New York is a felony but a district attorney or a prosecutor can exercise prosecutorial discretion and immunize the suspects. It is still a felony, however. Blacks refuse to establish a political party and put their own in charge of the district attorney’s office. This would shrink the prison-industrial complex.

Bouvier Law Dictionary defines “badge of slavery” as follows:

A persistent condition that evokes the past burden of slavery. A badge of slavery is any burden or disability, whether it originates in law or social custom that was associated or persists to limit the freedom of a person whose ancestors were in slavery.

Bouvier Law Dictionary defines “involuntary servitude” as follows:

Employment that is physically or legally coerced. Involuntary servitude occurs when a victim is forced to work for a person or entity by the use of threat of physical restraint or physical injury, including the use of threat or coercion through law or the legal process, or the use of fear of such means …. (Emphasis supplied)

The requirement of involuntary servitude from another is a crime in the United States, unless the requirement is pursuant to a lawful sentence of the person for a crime for which such service is a legal punishment. The Federal offense allows imprisonment for life if the servitude involves kidnapping or the death of the victim. (Emphasis supplied)

It is well-settled that the executive branch of either the federal government or any state government refuses to enforce laws in favor of Blacks and against whites. This is in line with Dred Scott. The United States Supreme Court gives this spin to all civil rights laws. Slavery is the sum of its parts. Therefore, slavery is the denominator and the numerator is the “badges of slavery”.

http://reinstatealtonmaddox.com/site/?paged=7

[jah_yout]

didd yuh see da addar tredd mii tarted bout wat da purpose aff blakk histaree month? slaveree iss a part aff owa histaree ann wii affii deal widd itt. sum aff da criticism aff blakk histaree month widd regard to slaveree iss fram blakk woo ar natt comfartable dealinn widd slaveree so dem tri fe ignore itt

well that is not my reason for opposing it...
if your history begins with slavery then it is no wonder why you would still mentally be a slave...

you are posting about all types of "black" people here, but the truth is the media and the public schools never do...they only discuss certain figures, & always post-slavery;
the result of black history month is more ghettoes and slums and unemployment, poverty, violence, ignorance, dysfunctional situations...

until black people see themselves as equal to any other people free to shape their own destinies, they will hang on to slave creations like "black history month"..

originally "negro history week" until the white man gerald ford gave you an official designation which he called "black history month"...

[jah_yout]

Slavery not only has a physical structure but it also has a mental structure.

seet deh;
the physical form is gone but the mental form is as strong as ever...
evidenced by things like violence, poverty, chronic hair & skin mutilation (strong evidence of self-hate) & communities & nations in crisis...

"black history month" has been used as an excellent brainwashing tool--- once a year throw out some post-slavery names for a month---
this is no longer acceptable; so-called blacks have to realize that their enemies will never give them true education and must develop it for themselves...
the white man throws us a bone and jump high to catch it with our tails wagging

[lonewolf]

Blu, why do you leave out Ben Carson. His carreer is over and it is history, and he over came great odds to succeed. He is living history.

“The insidious nature of socialism, cloaked in a façade of compassion, makes it very dangerous to an uneducated and trusting populace. And as socialism creates dependency, it is well on its way to eliminating freedom of choice and incentives for high productivity and innovation.”
― Ben Carson


“We did live in dire poverty. And one of the things that I hated was poverty. Some people hate spiders. Some people hate snakes. I hated poverty. I couldn't stand it. My mother couldn't stand the fact that we were doing poorly in school, and she prayed and she asked God to give her wisdom. What could she do to get her young sons to understand the importance of developing their minds so that they control their own lives? God gave her the wisdom. At least in her opinion. My brother and I didn't think it was that wise. Turn off the TV, let us watch only two or three TV programs during the week. And with all that spare time read two books a piece from the Detroit Public Libraries and submit to her written book reports, which she couldn't read but we didn't know that. I just hated this. My friends were out having a good time. Her friends would criticize her. My mother didn't care. But after a while I actually began to enjoy reading those books. Because we were very poor, but between the covers of those books I could go anywhere. I could be anybody. I could do anything. I began to read about people of great accomplishment. And as I read those stories, I began to see a connecting thread. I began to see that the person who has the most to do with you, and what happens to you in life, is you. You make decisions. You decide how much energy you want to put behind that decision. And I came to understand that I had control of my own destiny. And at that point I didn't hate poverty anymore, because I knew it was only temporary. I knew I could change that. It was incredibly liberating for me. Made all the difference.”
― Ben Carson

[blugiant]

Blu, why do you leave out Ben Carson. His carreer is over and it is history, and he over came great odds to succeed. He is living history.

“The insidious nature of socialism, cloaked in a façade of compassion, makes it very dangerous to an uneducated and trusting populace. And as socialism creates dependency, it is well on its way to eliminating freedom of choice and incentives for high productivity and innovation.”
― Ben Carson


“We did live in dire poverty. And one of the things that I hated was poverty. Some people hate spiders. Some people hate snakes. I hated poverty. I couldn't stand it. My mother couldn't stand the fact that we were doing poorly in school, and she prayed and she asked God to give her wisdom. What could she do to get her young sons to understand the importance of developing their minds so that they control their own lives? God gave her the wisdom. At least in her opinion. My brother and I didn't think it was that wise. Turn off the TV, let us watch only two or three TV programs during the week. And with all that spare time read two books a piece from the Detroit Public Libraries and submit to her written book reports, which she couldn't read but we didn't know that. I just hated this. My friends were out having a good time. Her friends would criticize her. My mother didn't care. But after a while I actually began to enjoy reading those books. Because we were very poor, but between the covers of those books I could go anywhere. I could be anybody. I could do anything. I began to read about people of great accomplishment. And as I read those stories, I began to see a connecting thread. I began to see that the person who has the most to do with you, and what happens to you in life, is you. You make decisions. You decide how much energy you want to put behind that decision. And I came to understand that I had control of my own destiny. And at that point I didn't hate poverty anymore, because I knew it was only temporary. I knew I could change that. It was incredibly liberating for me. Made all the difference.”
― Ben Carson

iss ben carson a sellout?

mii agree widd sum aff wat imm sey butt blakk misleaders woo pander fe oyinbo support by criticizinn blakks mii doan respekk

mii wander iff ben carson chattinn bout oyinbo socialism

[blugiant]

well that is not my reason for opposing it...
if your history begins with slavery then it is no wonder why you would still mentally be a slave...

you are posting about all types of "black" people here, but the truth is the media and the public schools never do...they only discuss certain figures, & always post-slavery;
the result of black history month is more ghettoes and slums and unemployment, poverty, violence, ignorance, dysfunctional situations...

until black people see themselves as equal to any other people free to shape their own destinies, they will hang on to slave creations like "black history month"..

originally "negro history week" until the white man gerald ford gave you an official designation which he called "black history month"...

woo sed blakk peeps histaree began widd slaveree? blakk peeps inn afrikka awlso enslaved so fe chatt bout afrikkan origin ann ignore da arab ann oyinbo enslavement aff afrikkan peeps iss flawed. itt like blakk peeps chattinn bout asian blakks woo doan see demselves as blakks ann ignorinn dat enslaved afrikkans were sold by arabs to asian countrees too. imagine dat sum enslaved afrikkans were sold by arabs to indian peeps durinn slaveree ann a latt aff dem dose desendants aff enslaved afrikkans deny dem blakk ann afrikkan roots cah dem waan fe deny dem histaree inn dose asian countrees began widd enslavement aff da afrikkans.

iff moas blakk peeps kno dem histaree nuh begin widd slaveree y dem still enslaved? itt iss cah dem reallee doan studee dem histaree da way dem shood? da wurd slav wey da wurd slave originated fram nuh wan oyinbo sintinn? so iff da wurd slav iss oyinbo creation oww cum oyinbo nuh still inn mental slaveree or ar dem still inn mental slaveree too? da realitee iss dat peeps aff awl races were awlso enslaved ann yess mii kno da diffarances between types aff enslavement

yes mii poasinn bout da typa blakk oyinbo media doan bigg upp butt dat blakk peeps responseebilitee ann wii shood natt depend pon oyinbo peeps fe do owa wukk fe uss. da realitee iss mii awlso dealinn widd aspect aff slaveree oyinbo media nuh acknowledge. look pon john horse ann da merikkan maroons woo reesisted slaveree fe more dan 100 ears, wat bout da largest slave revolt inn merikka ann oww iss dat enslaved blakk peeps cantinuallee resisted slaveree ann won. da joke iss dat dem teach blakks dat itt was oyinbo man woo ended slaveree fe developed inferioritee camplexx ann dependencee pon oyinbo. awl dat fe sey itt oww blakk been taught bout slaveree dat y manee blakk still try fe deny da lingerinn trauma aff slaveree. itt like usinn oyinbo bible fe teach blakk dat mythical moses freed da slaves fram pharaoh woo was blakk ann natt ovatandinn da cantradiction aff oww religions iss a instrument use fe enslave inspite aff historikkal evedences dat disprove itt. blakk peeps need fe learn dat slaveree awlso prove dat nuh matter wat dem didd to enslave afrikkans blakk peeps cantinue fe struggle ann ovacum

look att wen sum blakk were freed fram oyinbo enslavement ann oww a latt aff dem former enslaved afrikkans prospered. imagine blakks woo were formerlee enslaved changed dem name to freeman, blackman, etc cah dem no langar wanted oyinbo fe define dem. sum aff dem tarted bizzs, buyinn land, etc fe develop dem own economic base cah dem neva waan fe wukk fe oyinbo. even widd da lingerinn trauma aff slaveree a latt aff dem former slaves were natt mentallee enslaved cah dem knew demselves ann were shapinn dem destiny.

yuh graspinn iff yuh blaminn blakk histaree month fe ghetto, slums, unemployment, poverty, violence, ignorance, dysfunctional situations.... yuh kno aftah slaveree oyinbo passed laws fe create dem tings. imagine passinn laws da blakk yuths cood natt inheritt de lands dem parents woo were farmerlee enslaved wukk ann bought even dough wan aspect wealth development iss inherrittance

da tings blakk peeps need fe relearn iss oww fe redefininn tings like blakk histaree month. blakk need fe use itt inna positive way ann ignore da negativitee. it like blakks woo develop immunitee to poisons cah nyam likkle aff itt ann learn oww fe use da poison fe dem benefit. mii see sum blakks woo chatt bout afrikkan histaree month. doan figgit carter g woodson use fe bunn fiyah pon sum blakk ann afrikkan historee writers woo pushed diffarant pint aff view aff blakk historee awl de wile ignorinn dat oyinbo backed imm cah dem wanted fe limit da influence aff garvey

stapp bout oyinbo gave blakk da affical designation aff blakk histaree month cah yuh knoo itt was sum blakk woo pushed imm fe do dat